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如果您对我们的大使计划感兴趣，愿意贡献自己的聪明才智和信息资源，为南京市的经济建设和社会发展服务，我们诚挚的邀请您加入我们的计划中，如果您接受我们的邀请，请仔细阅读以下说明：

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==================================

USC US-China Institute – Talking Points (2/28-3/5)

USC U.S.-China Institute

Talking Points
February 28- March 5, 2008

Dear Zhengying,

Americans know they’ve been paying more for goods and services and today the U.S. government released statistics documenting these rising prices. The U.S. Consumer Price Index is up 4.3% over the past twelve months. And this is before $100 a barrel oil is distilled into the gas we buy. Consumers in China have seen an even bigger increase, 7.1% over the past year. Food, though, is up 18%, with pork prices jumping 59%. These increases, of course, hit the poor especially hard.

Income inequality is growing in China and has surpassed the U.S. level. In a recent article, Thomas Pogge argues that in 1990 China’s richest people had incomes eight times larger than its poorest people. Today, China’s richest 10% have incomes 22 times larger than the poorest 10%. In the U.S., the richest 10% receive incomes 16 times larger than the poorest 10%.

Some worry that growing income disparity will aggravate existing social tensions. Next week, former U.S. deputy assistant secretary of state and current USCI board of scholars member Susan Shirk will discuss how the shocks to China’s fragile domestic economic order could have implications for the nation’s external ties. Prof. Shirk speaks on Feb. 26. The next afternoon, Cintia Quiliconi and Carol Wise will present their research into China’s push into Latin American markets.

Other upcoming events include Saturday’s opening of Liu Fang Yuan, the Huntington’s new Chinese garden, tomorrow’s USC screening of The Rising Tide and next week’s UCLA screening of Gongbu’s Happy Life. On Friday, Feb. 29, the Avengers arena football team and the World Affairs Council are co-sponsoring a look at the importance and potential impact of the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Please be sure to mark your calendar for our Taiwan election symposium (March 26), a presentation by Justin Lin, the World Bank’s new chief economist (April 8), and the Herbert G. Klein Lecture by U.S. Ambassador to China Clark T. Randt, Jr. (April 21). Details on all of these events and many more are below and at the calendar section of the USCI website.

This past Sunday, USC hosted a compelling discussion of what is known about China’s past relations with neighbors and distant countries and how these understandings might influence American officials responsible for today’s policies and practices toward China. Video from this symposium will be available soon at our website. In the meantime, please visit the site to read about research into homeowner associations in China and other topics.

USC faculty and graduate researchers have until March 3 to submit proposals for summer and 2008-2009 research projects. Details are available in the announcement section of our website. Secondary school teachers from outside Los Angeles are welcome to apply for our two-week summer seminar (July 28 – August 7). Housing is provided. Teachers meeting program requirements also receive a completion stipend, library development grant, and other benefits. For news about this and other teacher-centered programs and ideas for bringing Asia alive in your classroom, please contact Miranda Ko at mirandak@usc.edu to receive our Teaching about Asia monthly newsletter.

As always, we welcome your comments. Please send them to us at uschina@usc.edu.

Best wishes,

The USC U.S.-China Institute

http://china.usc.edu

USC Events

03/05/2008: Political Cross Currents in China’s Corporate Restructuring
USC University Club
Time: 4:00PM - 6:00PM
Cost: Free
Stanford University's Jean Oi will examine China's corporate cross currents.

California Events

02/28/2008: Chinese Independent Documentary Series: Gongbu’s Happy Life
Melnitz Hall
2534 Melnitz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095
Cost: Free
Phone: 310-825-8683
Time: 7:00PM - 10:00PM
Presented by the UCLA Center for Chinese Studies and the REEL CHINA Documentary Biennial.

02/29/2008: 2008 Wilbur K. Woo Greater China Business Conference
Korn Convocation Hall
110 Westwood Plaza , Los Angeles, CA 90095
Cost: $29-193
Engine for Growth: the China California Connection

02/29/2008: A Night of Hong Kong Kung Fu Cinema
Ahmanson Bldg B06
Otis College of Art and Design 9045 Lincoln Boulevard , Los Angeles, CA 90095
Time: 8:00PM - 10:00PM
Join Craig Reid in the presentation of a double feature of renowned martial arts film director Liu Chia-Liang's films.

02/29/2008: International Night
Los Angeles STAPLES Center
Address: 1111 S. Figueroa Street , Los Angeles, California 90015
Cost: $30 (Includes access to discussion panel and ticket to Avengers vs. New Orleans VooDoo game)
A panel of esteemed experts will discuss the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

02/29/2008 - 03/01/2008: Li-ka Shing Foundation workshop on Republican Chinese History
IEAS Conference Room
Fulton Street 6th Floor, Berkeley , CA
Cost: Free
Li-ka Shing Foundation workshop on Republican Chinese History
Ten scholars will discuss the significance Hoover's new collections of Republican Chinese archival materials and whether or not Republican history should be rewritten.

North America Events:

03/04/2008: Perspectives In and On China
Room 1636 School of Social Work Building
1080 S. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1106
Time: 12:00PM - 1:00PM
Cost: Free
Stanford University's Richard Vinograd speaks on pictorial perspective systems in China.

03/04/2008: School of Natural Resources and Environment: China's Environmental Challenges
1040 Dana Building
Address: 1080 S. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1106
Cost: Free
Time: 4:00PM - 6:00PM
An exploration of the environmental challenges associated with the economic transformation and rise of China.

3535 S. Figueroa St.
FIG 202
Los Angeles, CA 90089-1262
Tel: 213-821-4382

Fax: 213-821-2382

Email: uschina@usc.edu

Website: http://china.usc.edu

====================================

CAFA-南加州華裔教授會年會 (3/1)

CAFA-南加州華裔教授會將于3月1日在蒙特利公園市的蒙特利崗餐廳（Monterey Hill）舉行第三十七屆年會。會中並將進行會務交接，現任會長陳瑄將把會務移交給新任會長王競華。

南加大的華裔建築學院院長馬清運（MA Qingyun）教授應邀擔任主講人，講題是探討中國傳統中的「氣」與建築之「Chi and C.H.I.」。馬清運教授，曾獲清華大學建築系建築工程學士和美國賓夕法尼亞大學建築學碩士，不僅精於實踐並勤於教育和研究，曾在美國哈佛大學、康奈爾大學、哥倫比亞大學、荷蘭貝爾拉格、法國建築專業學校、瑞士蘇黎士高專、賓夕法尼亞大學、南京大學、同濟大學、深圳大學等多個學術機構執教和演講，還積極參與公益及市政諮詢工作，曾擔任北京申辦2008年奧運會陳述專家，青浦區城市發展建築顧問，以及洛杉磯城市公共空間策略顧問委員會成員。

有意參加年會或加入該會的專家學者可參見網頁Physics.usc.edu/~tnchang/cafa.html，或以電郵與現任會長陳瑄SChen@coh.org聯繫。
===============================================================

Wilbur K. Woo Greater China Business Conference (UCLA 2/29)

Engine for Growth: The China / California Connection

Friday, February 29, 2008
8:45 AM - 6:00 PM
UCLA Anderson School of Management
Los Angeles, CA 90095

The conference aims to bring business leaders, Wilbur K. Woo Greater China Business Conference professionals, academics, and students together to discuss business trends, challenges, and impacts of the increasing role of Greater China in the global economy. It also aims to provide a collaborative platform for participants to build networks, exchange ideas, and share knowledge.

A keynote speech and a CEO exchange will highlight the connections between Greater China and California focusing on economic opportunity. Panel discussions featuring industry experts who share their experiences and ideas on industry trends will explore growth strategies for firms in China and California.

Schedule

8:45 am     Registration & Continental Breakfast Korn Hall Foyer

9:30 am      Welcoming Remarks & Keynote Address Korn Hall
Welcome: Judy D. Olian, Dean and John E. Anderson Chair in Management, UCLA Anderson School of Management
Keynote: Clarence Kwan, National Managing Partner, Chinese Services Group, Deloitte & Touche USA LLP | web

10:45 am Break

11:00 am   Concurrent Panel Discussions

SHIFTING TIDES: Investment in China Room A201
The challenges and opportunities of China's economy and what it means for California-based private equity firms, venture capital firms, and private investors.
Panelists:
Xihong Deng, Managing Director, Hony Capital | web
Clariza Mullins, Treasurer, Pepperdine University | web
Donald Straszheim, Vice Chairman, Roth Capital Partners | web

NEW FRONTIER: The China Entertainment Market Room A202
What is the future of Chinese entertainment and how are Hollywood players joining forces with innovators to whet the massive Chinese appetite for local-language and Hollywood made entertainment?
Moderator: Lora Chen, Vice President of Business Development, Common Ground | web
Panelists:
Carol Choi, Vice President/General Manager, Greater China, Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment
Julia Jenks, Senior Director of Global Strategy, Motion Picture Association of America | web
Stanley Rosen, Director of the East Asian Studies Center, University of Southern California | web
Teddy Zee, President and Co-Founder, Ironpond

12:30 p.m. Lunch Executive Dining Room

1:45 p.m. CEO Exchange: Korn Hall
Moderator: Felix Guo, Lead Host, KAZN AM 1300 Chinese Radio
CEOs:
Iris Lin, Founder and CEO, Trinity Industries, Inc. | web
Charles Woo, Co-founder and CEO, Megatoys | web

3:00 p.m. Break

3:15 p.m. Concurrent Panel Discussions

LAND OF PLENTY: Real Estate in China Room A202
Connecting California developers, project managers, and global investment firms to harness investment opportunities in the Greater China real estate market.
Moderator: Eric Sussman, Lecturer, UCLA Anderson School of Management | web
Panelists:
Matt Kahn, Professor, UCLA Institute of the Environment | web
Andrew Sun, Senior Manager, World Premium Company
David Tsao, Operations Manager, Swinerton Management & Consulting | web
Mark S. Karlan, Executive Managing Director, CB Richard Ellis Investors | web

ALL ABOARD! Positioning for a China-related Business Career Room A202
How MBA graduates and young professionals can best take advantage of the California/China connection and build a career with global, China- and California-based firms.
Moderator: Justin Pritchard, Investigative Reporter, AP - Los Angeles | web
Panelists:
Clifton Chang, Regional Manager-Asia Pacific, Johnson & Johnson | web
Robert Hills, Partner, Deloitte Consulting | web
Stacy Sun, Partner, China Global Ventures | web
Adam W. Schorr, Partner, Margolis & Tisman LLP | web

4:45 p.m. - 6:00 p.m. Networking Reception Executive Dining Room

Registration

Each ticket type has a limited number available. If tickets sell out, you will placed on a wait list in case additional space is added to the conference. Last year, tickets sold out, so register early! For questions, please email woo.conference@anderson.ucla.edu

Ticket Types
General Admission | $188
Access to all events

General Admission (Early Registration Discount Through Feb 11) | $168
Access to all events

UCLA or UCLA Anderson Alumni Admission | $158
Access to all events
(MUST register with alumni email for valid registration, i.e. joebruin@uclaalumni.net or john.smith.2002@anderson.ucla.edu)

Current Student Full Admission | $68
(SOLD OUT! Please email woo.conference@anderson.ucla.edu to placed on a waitlist)
Access to all events
(MUST register with .edu email for valid registration)

Current Academic Limited Admission | $28
Access to breakfast, welcome & keynote speaker, CEO exchange, and networking reception (excludes panels and lunch)
(MUST register with .edu email for valid registration)

Group Ticket Sales (10 or more) | $158

Cost: Registration fees apply, see above.

http://www.anderson.ucla.edu/x18995.xml

Sponsor(s): Management (Anderson School)

==================================

厦门市2008年度高层次、高技能职位信息及交流大会(3/15)

您好！

2008年3月15日下午（2:00-5:00）在厦门市人才市场（厦门市湖滨东路319号）举办“厦门市2008年面向国内外招聘‘双高’人才交流大会”，为招聘单位和“双高”人才提供交流对接平台。受邀人才可享受以下优惠（注：受邀人才指经审核并被邀请来厦参加交流大会的人才）：

1、免费参加交流大会；

2、免费返程票：从厦门市外应邀前来参加大会的人才，凭来程票换取由主办单位统一购买的离厦返回国内其他城市的返程票，返程票的费用由主办单位承担；

3、免费住宿：人才在厦参加大会，可享受大会统一安排的3月14日晚的免费住宿。特殊情况需继续住宿的，另行报主办单位审批。

4、其他费用自理。

具体有关事项请查阅： www.xmrc.com.cn/height

厦门市留学人员服务中心是由厦门市政府设立，隶属于厦门市人事局，具体负责我国首部鼓励留学人员回国创业工作的地方性法规《厦门经济特区鼓励留学人员来厦创业工作规定》的日常工作并为留学人员来厦创业、工作提供各种服务。

期待您的回复！

联系电话∶86-592-5396698、5396699

传真∶86-592-5396697

E-mail∶ xiamenlqh@163.com 、irenelou@sina.com 、tatiana430@sina.com

负责人：陈燕彬（主任）、陈雪莲（副主任）

联系人∶楼一萍、王娟

厦门市留学人员服务中心

电话：0592-5396698

网址： www.xmlx.gov.cn

===========================

Chinese Independent Documentary Series (UCLA)

Presented by the UCLA Center for Chinese Studies and the REEL CHINA Documentary Biennial

Thursday, February 28, 2008
7:00 PM - 10:00 PM
2534 Melnitz Hall
UCLA
Los Angeles, CA 90095

Blossoming in the Wind, dir. Sun Yuelin, 2005, 60 mins.
As the debut work of the young filmmaker Sun Yueling, Blossoming in the Wind won the Committee Nomination Prize at the 2005 Yunnan Multi-culture Visual Forum/Festival. It is an intimate and personal record of a blissful pilgrimage by Rinpoche, a Tibetan Living Buddha. Traveling with several of his disciples and the filmmaker, Ripoche heads for a Tibetan sacred mountain in Deqing, Yunnan Province. Marching through sleet and snow, Ripoche spreads his joy and wisdom throughout the whole journey. Blue skies, white clouds, the tinkling of bells, the sound of footsteps, smiling faces, and singing voices all bask in the glow of the transparent sunshine, amidst the joyous festivities of daily life. Animals and humans alike traverse freely through the realms of the sacred land.

NOTE: Gongbu’s Happy Life, which was original scheduled to be screened with Blossimg in the Wind, unfortunately will not be available.

Organizers: Center for Chinese Studies, UCLA
REEL CHINA Documentary Biennial, New York

Independent Chinese documentary filmmaking has flourished for over a decade. Produced outside the official or commercial channels by dedicated individual filmmakers, these works—mostly in DV format—are valuable documents of alternative histories and life styles in contemporary China. For our series, we have selected documentaries—divided into five categories (history, education, documentary ethics, minorities, women and gender)—that are not only recent productions but also offer a rich, varied, up-to-date, and intimate view of contemporary China. By presenting exemplary works on various, sometimes controversial topics in different styles, we hope to stimulate discussions of not only the contents of the documentaries but the process, and sometimes the problems, of documentary filmmaking (and by extension history writing) itself.

Schedule

Time: Thursdays, 7:00pm

Titles:

Feb. 28, 2008: Gongbu’s Happy Life; and Blossoming in the Wind
March 6, 2008: Women’s Fifty Minutes; and Mei Mei

Venue: 2534 Melnitz Hall, UCLA

Admission: FREE

Screening Format: all films will be in DVD format with English subtitles.

Source of films:
• REEL CHINA Documentary Biennial, New York.
• Zero Channel Media Co., Beijing.
• Director Zhou Hao.

Preliminary Screening Program

History

The Hurricane, dir. Duan Jinchuan and Jiang Yue, 2005, 89m.
The Hurricane is a reinvestigation of the communist Land Reform (1946-1953) that started as a strategy to mobilize peasants to support the Communist Party in the civil war with the Nationalists (1946-49). This documentary, in the form of grassroots oral history, presents villagers in Northeast China, where the Land Reform was launched. The peasants speak from memory, giving accounts of manipulation, injustice, and cruelty.

Gai Shanxi and Her Sisters, dir. Ban Zhongyi, 2004, 130m. [TBA because of length]
This is the story of the courageous struggle of a Chinese comfort woman. The film focuses on the ordeal of Gai Shanxi (this is actually her nickname, which means “No. 1 beauty of Shanxi”), a peasant woman in Shanxi Province who took part in the resistance against the Japanese. Because of her good looks, she was twice held captive in the Japanese stronghold where she was brutally raped. Regardless of her own safety, she twice offered her body in order to protect other girls from her village. The ravages wrecked upon her by the Japanese left her barren and scorned by others after the war. Unhappy in her marriage and family life and suffering from poor health, she could no longer bear the psychological as well as physical pain, so she took her own life. When the filmmaker visited Shanxi Province, Gai Shanxi was already dead. Her story is told through the testimonies of other former comfort women, the village elders, and former Japanese soldiers.

Documentary Ethics

The Other Bank, dir. Jiang Yue, 1994, 140 min.
This is a documentary about a group of unusual actors, their training, their groundbreaking performances in contemporary Chinese theater, and what happened to them. In early spring of 1993, independent artist Mou Sen was invited by the Actors Exchange and Training Center of the Beijing Film Academy to take charge of an intensive, short-term performance workshop. More than thirty high school graduates from all over the country attended the workshop. Fourteen of them, who stay till the end of the training, performed The Other Bank: A Chinese Grammatical Discussion, a play written by Gao Xingjian (Nobel Prize Winner, 2000) and Yu Jian. The seven performances by the fourteen students stunned Beijing’s artistic and intellectual circles. These young actors were greeted with applause, flowers, and tears. The show was over. But where would these fourteen young people go? They chose to stay in Beijing. The reality they encountered was cruel. The dreams in the classrooms were broken. In the end, all the young actors left Beijing one after another. One student brought back two actor friends to his remote village in Hebei Province where he staged a theater piece they wrote together. The Black Bird that had Flown Over the Paradise. The filmmaker’s critical decision to shift his focus from the artists to the young peasant performers marks an important turning point at which independent Chinese documentary became critical of its intellectual advantage and instead tried to become closer to the grassroots.

Using, dir. Zhou Hao, 2007, 145m.
“Using” is the latest work by contemporary Chinese documentary filmmaker Zhou Hao. Shot over the last three years, the documentary follows the relationship between the filmmaker and two “friends” who were drug users in the city of Guangzhou. Apart from investigating at close range a dark and cruel layer of reality of contemporary Chinese society that has rarely been aired, the documentary is also provocative in baring the mutually using relationship between the filmmaker and the filmed subject.

Education

Senior Year, dir. Zhou Hao, 2005, 95m.
In No.1 High School of Wuping County in western Fujian Province, seventy-eight high school seniors have only one chance to advance to higher education, that is through the annual national entrance exam. Eighty percent of the students in this school come from surrounding rural areas. Their parents tell them that if they don’t want to become farmers, the entrance exam to higher education is their only chance to change their lives. The documentary records the hardworking, high-pressured as well as lonely lives of a group of seventeen and eighteen-year-old Hakkas. As one student puts it, “I can’t stand the idea of going through another senior year.”

We Are the . . . of Communism (aka The School That Disappeared), Cui Zi’en, 2007, 94m.
From summer to winter, the number of students in the Yuanhai migrant community school dropped from 720 to 16. Some were kicked outside and had to temporarily attend class in a workshop and in the street, until even that was taken away. Those students, once happily gathered together, lost everything. Some dropped out from school and stayed at home, others moved to far away schools with high fees, and still others returned to school in their hometown with their parents. With the arrival of winter, students below the third grade could only attend class squeezed inside a small van. Classes for students from fourth to sixth grades were held in the teacher's home. In spite of this, and even when it turned very cold, students still ran to the school's main door to play and never ceased to regard the school as a big and happy fairyland.
Documentaries on the Minorities

Gongbu’s Happy Life, dir. Ji Dan, 1999, 82m.
This meditative documentary about the life of a Tibetan villager displays a sensitivity and understanding that the filmmaker herself gained from her three years of living in the Tibetan village.

Blossoming in the Wind, dir. Sun Yuelin, 2005, 60 mins.
As the debut work of the young filmmaker Sun Yueling, Blossoming in the Wind won the Committee Nomination Prize at the 2005 Yunnan Multi-culture Visual Forum/Festival. It is an intimate and personal record of a blissful pilgrimage by Rinpoche, a Tibetan Living Buddha. Traveling with several of his disciples and the filmmaker, Ripoche heads for a Tibetan sacred mountain in Deqing, Yunnan Province. Marching through sleet and snow, Ripoche spreads his joy and wisdom throughout the whole journey. Blue skies, white clouds, the tinkling of bells, the sound of footsteps, smiling faces, and singing voices all bask in the glow of the transparent sunshine, amidst the joyous festivities of daily life. Animals and humans alike traverse freely through the realms of the sacred land.

Women and Gender

Women’s Fifty Minutes, Shi Tou, 2005, 55m.
This experimental documentary is a compilation of various shots and impressions of the filmmaker’s trip to her girlfriend’s hometown as well as her daily wandering in Beijing. Through the impressionistic non-narrative, the filmmaker presents a deeply personal observation of women’s changing roles in traditional ceremonies in provincial China as well as in modern metropolitan life.

Mei Mei, dir. Gao Tian, 2005, 82 mins.
Mei Mei is a transvestite male actor who is eager to find his true love. He searches among gays and transvestites. In 2004 he finally meets a man of his match who also accepts Mei Mei as he is. They have a public wedding ceremony. Mei Mei is very confident about his marriage and his future. His friends throw a farewell party for him before he leaves for Shanghai where he and his love are to embark on a life together. However, things are not as perfect as planned, and his marriage proves harder than expected. Finally Mei Mei comes back to Beijing. He feels embarrassed when running into old friends. Also, he runs into financial problems worse than ever before.

Cost: FREE

For more information please contact

Center for Chinese Studies Tel: 310-825-8683
china@international.ucla.edu

===================================

２００８. 广东省高级人才洽谈会

为实施人才强省战略，积极营造吸引人才、用好人才的良好环境，便于广大企事业单位引进人才，便于留学回国人员、专业技术暨管理人才、高科技人才择业，促进人才的合理配置和使用。广东省人才服务中心将于2008年3月8日在广州东方宾馆国际会展中心举办“广东省高级人才洽谈会”。

2008年3月8日9:00-16:00（星期六）广州东方宾馆国际会展中心B、C厅

●举办单位：广东省人事厅人才服务中心；广东省人才交流协会
●时间地点：2008年3月8日广州东方宾馆国际会展中心B、C厅
●邀请企业：全国各地企事业单位及跨国企业驻华机构；提供主管、经理及以上级别职位或同等待遇的其它职位；要求提供职位年薪不低于8万元人民币。

●入场个人要求：（现场严格查验学历证书，保证人才质量）
1. 本科四年以上、硕士二年以上、博士及以上各类优秀人才；
2. 对IT行业、生物工程、能源化工、新材料等稀缺专业的优秀人才；
3. 有特殊成果或有高级职称证书者可适当放宽条件。

●大会特色：
1. 逾百万中高级人才储备，报纸、网络等方式立体宣传。
2. 金牌服务；一站式的服务，现场验证确保人才质量。
3. 职场快速完美体验：会前会后、为您速递合格人才简历。

●电话:（０２０）８３６６４３２４
●传真:（０２０）８３６６５２４０
●E-MAIL：yuanbihua88@126.com

========================================

Donation to Former CSSA Member, Ping Wu!

Dear Presidents of All Associations,

Representing SW-CSSA (Chinese Students and Scholars Association of Southwest United States), I ask you for an urgent help to send out the attached announcement to the members of your association. Ping Wu is a very nice girl who had served CSSA-UCLA as a treasurer for years before she was diagnosed as leukemia (白血病). After this shocking news was released from UCLA Median Center a month ago, EVERY CSSA within SW-CSSA family including UCLA, Caltech, UCSB, UCR, UCI, UCSD, SDSU, USC had done awesome jobs by making a call for donation for Ping Wu during new year parties and join the bone marrow database to find the most appropriate match donor for Ping Wu.

Although we already achieved the goal of the first stage, we still need the help from you by asking more people to make a donation for Ping Wu. She is still in probation time and her company already stopped paying her salary during sick leave. Your donation will be used for Ping's routine living cost, rental fee and bone marrow match. Up to today, PUAASC (Peking University Alumni Association of Southern California) and THUAASC (Tsinghua Alumni Association at Southern California) also joined us to send out their announcements. CESASC (Chinese-American Engineers and Scientists Association of Southern California) and JiaoTong University Alumni Association will be sending theirs soon. The amount of your donation will be listed at Ping's website http://cssa.ucla.edu/pingwu/ unless you claim not to be listed. Any amount of money will be appreciated and important for Ping Wu.

Together, we will form a love chain to help Ping Wu to overcome the difficulty, beat leukemia. We believe we will finally beat leukemia by jointed efforts from everybody with loving heart. Together, the miracle will happen and Ping Wu will be recoverd from this illness. Love can cure anything!

May God bless Ping Wu! Thank you all for your loving heart and generous support!

Dahai Liu, President of SW-CSSA.

SW-CSSA AND CSSA-UCLA CALL FOR DONATION FOR PING WU!

Dear Friends and Members,

We would like to introduce you a special friend??Ping Wu, a recent graduate of UCLA and a former CSSA-UCLA committee member who has

recently been diagnosed with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), type IV, an unanticipated diagnosis that forever changed her life. For more information visit http://cssa.ucla.edu/pingwu and http://web.wenxuecity.com/BBSView.php?SubID=na&MsgID=795920 at Wenxue City.

Ping is determined to fight her illness and conquer it! Yet her special situation places her at many disadvantages: She has just graduated from UCLA and joined the work force with little savings; She is currently in probation, with no disability insurance, and she has lost all her sources of income; She may even lose her medical insurance if her company decides to lay her off; She is just here by herself (her mom just flew into the States recently to help).

We are writing to ask for your help. Monetary donations will be greatly appreciated, which will not only ensure the continuation of

her necessary medical treatments but also provide the only source of income to pay for her living necessities.

Donations can be made

(1) via PayPal to budseu@hotmail.com or

(2) by sending checks payable to Ping Wu to the following address:

Ping Wu

3161 Sepulveda Blvd. Apt. #306

Los Angeles, CA 90034

We will send you a confirmation email upon receiving your donation, thus please write your email address in the "Note" area on PayPal or on your check.

Furthermore, we may post the names of donors on http://cssa.ucla.edu/pingwu; inform us if you would like to remain anonymous by indicating it in the "Note" area on PayPal or on your check.

Sincerely,

The Chinese Students and Scholars Association of Southwest United States (SW-CSSA)

The Chinese Students and Scholars Association at UCLA (CSSA-UCLA)

===================================

无锡市人民政府引进领军型海外留学归国创业人才（“530” 计划）报名公告

为大力实施“科教兴市、人才强市”战略，加快人才国际化步伐，促进自主创新和科技创业，着力提高自主创新能力，建设创新型城市，市政府计划在五年内引进 30 名领军型海外留学归国创业人才（简称“530”计划）。

一、申报条件

（一）在海外学习并取得硕士学位，学成后在海外工作五年(博士学位的在海外工作三年)以上，在国际某一学科、技术领域内的学术技术带头人，拥有市场开发前景广阔、高技术含量科研成果的领军人才。

（二）在国外拥有独立知识产权和发明专利，且其技术成果国际先进，能够填补国内空白、具有市场潜力并进行产业化生产的领军人才。

（三）在引领我市环保、新能源、生物三大先导产业，以及服务外包、动漫设计、文化创意、新材料等产业带技术、带项目、带资金和具有自主创新能力的创业领军人才。

二、报名范围

（一）目前在海外工作的领军型科技创业留学人员；

（二）目前已在国内其他地区工作（创业），有意来锡创业的留学归国人员；

（三）2007年8月1日后，到无锡投资创业的海外留学人员。

三、扶持政策

（一）推荐（A类）项目

1、创业投资企业（公司）注册后1个月内，市给予领军型海外留学归国创业人才（每个创业投资项目）100万元创业启动资金，创业投资企业注册地所在的市（县）、区负责提供不少于100平方米工作场所和不少于100平方米住房公寓，三年内免收租金。

2、从事科技开发项目的，经论证、审批，根据其项目的投资需求，市和市（县）、区科技风险投资资金给予不低于300万元的创业投资。

3、对具有市场需求高新技术产品产业化生产过程中流动资金不足的，可给予不低于300万元的资金担保。

4、以技术成果入股投资的，经评估，其技术成果可按注册资本不少于30％作价入股。

5、市政府制定的有关引进海外高层次人才的子女入学入托、家属安置等优惠政策同时享受。

（二）推荐（B类）项目

1、创业投资企业（公司）注册后1个月内，市给予领军型海外留学归国创业人才（每个创业投资项目）60万元创业启动资金，创业投资企业注册地所在的市（县）、区负责提供不少于100平方米工作场所和不少于100平方米住房公寓，三年内免收租金。

2、从事科技开发项目的，经论证、审批，根据其项目的投资需求，市（县）、区科技风险投资资金给予不低于150万元的创业投资。

3、以技术成果入股投资的，经评估，其技术成果可按注册资本不少于30％作价入股。

4、市政府制定的有关引进海外高层次人才的子女入学入托、家属安置等优惠政策同时享受。

（三）推荐（C类）项目

1、创业投资企业（公司）注册后1个月内，市给予领军型海外留学归国创业人才（每个创业投资项目）40万元创业启动资金，创业投资企业注册地所在的市（县）、区负责提供不少于100平方米工作场所和不少于100平方米住房公寓，三年内免收租金。

2、从事科技开发项目的，经论证、审批，根据其项目的投资需求，市（县）、区科技风险投资资金给予不低于150万元的创业投资。

3、以技术成果入股投资的，经评估，其技术成果可按注册资本不少于30％作价入股。

4、市政府制定的有关引进海外高层次人才的子女入学入托、家属安置等优惠政策同时享受。

四、其他优惠政策

（一）优先推荐申报“江苏省高层次创业创新人才引进计划”，如申报成功，另可获江苏省政府100万元的创业资助。

（二）安家费。对落户我市的“530”领军型创业人才可不受国籍限制，在享受不少于100平方米住宅公寓(3年免收租金)的同时，凡在无锡购房的可享受30—50万元的安家费补助。

（三）子女入学。提供市、区两级公办优质教育资源(省重点实验示范园、校)。

（四）人才招聘。对注册落户无锡的“530”计划企业，由市人事局下属人才中心、人才市场免费提供人才招聘服务。

（五）来锡参加项目洽谈会的申报人员，由市政府提供来锡往返交通费用和在锡洽谈期间食宿费用。

五、承接载体

无锡市现有和建设中的重点创新创业创意载体，包括：软件园、留学人员创业园、信息产业园、工业设计园、科技创业园、大学科技园、国际科技合作园、动漫产业基地等。

六、组织实施程序（详见2008年“530”计划实施方案）

（一）报名登记。2008年1月8日至3月31日。

（二）资格认定和项目初审。2008年4月上旬。

（三）项目技术专家评审。2008年5月底前。

（四）项目综合评审。2008年6月上旬。

（四）项目对接与双向选择。2008年6月中旬。

（五）项目洽谈。2008年6月底前。

（六）签订合同。2008年6月底前。

（七）扶持政策兑现。公司注册后一个月内。

七、申报办法

登录无锡人事公共服务信息网（wxrcrs.gov.cn）,进入“无锡‘530’计划专题”，直接网上申报。

联系人：无锡市人事局人才开发处（“５３０”计划办公室）　刘正焕（处长）　罗志峰

联系电话：0510—82858659（兼传真）

电子邮箱：lzf70120@sina.com

附件：

一、主要政策文件

1、《关于引进领军型海外留学归国创业人才计划实施意见》（锡政发〔2006〕144号）；

2、《市政府关于引进领军型海外留学归国创业人才计划的补充意见》（锡政发〔2007〕326 号）；

3、《市政府关于印发2008年“530”计划实施方案的通知》（锡政发〔2007〕497号）；

4、《关于吸引和用好优秀人才的试行规定》（锡委发〔2006〕62 号）；

二、无锡实施“530”计划的成果

“530”计划，无锡科技创新创业的成功实践

2006年，无锡推出了吸引海外精英到太湖之滨创业的“530”计划。此计划实施两年来，取得正式注册落户59个项目的丰硕成果。“530”计划作为无锡推动科技创新创业的独特品牌，在海内外引起强烈反响，引领了全省引才引智工作，塑造了无锡“海纳百川”品牌形象。

强力推介，以政策吸引海外精英

2006年5月21日，江苏省委常委、无锡市委书记杨卫泽亲自率团赴美推介“530”计划，无锡“530”飓风迅速从美国席卷世界各地。“530”计划的“3个100”和“2个300”，即提供100万元创业启动资金、100平方米工作场所、100平方米住房公寓；提供不低于300万元风险投资和不低于300万元的商业贷款担保，使无锡成为引进海外高层次人才政策力度最大、条件最为优惠的城市。短短几十天，来自以美国为主8个国家的47个项目、60余名海外留学人才踊跃报名。2007年，更有14个国家的136个项目（340名创业团队成员）申报“530”计划。

严格评审，以公正信服海外精英

组织学历资历审核、形式初审和知识产权认定；邀请国家“863”计划的专家组织项目技术评审；邀请省委组织部、省科技厅、省人事厅的相关领导及无锡市的技术、管理、风险投资专家、企业家组织综合评审。我们把每一次评审都作为展示政府形象和引才环境的重要平台，严谨、公正的评审工作得到了海外留学人才的高度认可和赞誉，增强了到无锡创业的信心。

深入洽谈，以诚信感召海外精英

市长毛小平亲自组织双选对接动员，各市（县）区和创业园区踊跃挑选，出现了项项必争、争抢第一的可喜局面。项目洽谈期间，市（县）区主要领导亲自挂帅，由科技、人事、开发区领导、科技风险投资专家、财务专家、管理专家等人员组成项目洽谈小组，与海外留学人员代表进行深入细致的洽谈，洽谈成功率高达94%。在各级政府的真情感召下，海外留学人才纷纷选择无锡创业。

全力服务，以真情呵护海外精英

高品质服务是贯穿“530”计划实施全过程的亮点。项目洽谈前，政府相关部门专程到上海、南京机场接送海外留学人员，并为其报销往返国际机票。洽谈期间，安排五星级酒店提供专业的会议筹备及食宿安排，组织工商、税务、海关、环保、药检、公安等17个相关部委办局的工作人员到现场全程提供政策咨询和服务。项目签约后，各市（县）区相关部门不仅为海外精英注册企业提供全程绿色通道及一站式服务，而且提供超出约定面积数倍的工作场所，提供全装修住房公寓，免费提供人才招聘服务，为创业者子女提供优质教育资源等。

无锡市引进领军型海外留学归国创业人才计划

申请书

申请人姓名

工作单位

通讯地址邮编

电子邮箱　

电话传真

填报日期年月日

一、申请人基本情况

姓名		性别			出生日期
学位		专业领域
职称		执业资格
国籍		身份证或护照号
目前生活和工作地
学习（从高中起）和工作经历
起止时间	学校或工作单位					本人身份（职务）






取得学历（学位）和资质证书情况
证书名称			发证机关			发证时间
１．
２．
３．
４．
５．
拥有的自主知识产权情况
名　　称				专利或软件著作权号
1．
2．
3．
以往创业创新的业绩
（限800字）
来苏实施创业创新的设想
（限1500字）

创业计划书

项目名称
应聘人
地址
电话
传真
电子邮件
联系人

保密承诺

本商业计划书内容涉及商业秘密，仅对有投资意向的投资者公开。要求收到本商业计划书时做出以下承诺：

妥善保管本商业计划书，未经本人同意，不得向第三方公开本商业计划书涉及的本公司的商业秘密。

项目企业概要

*投资安排

资金需求数额

（万元）

相应权益

*拟建企业基本情况

公司名称
法定代表人
电话
传真
E-mail
地址
邮编
您在寻找第几轮资金	□种子资本 □第一轮 □第二轮 □第三轮
企业的主营产业

*其它需要着重说明的情况或数据（可以与下文重复，本概要将作为项目摘要由投资人浏览）

一、 业务描述

*企业的宗旨（200字左右）

*主要发展战略目标和阶段目标

*项目提出的背景和必要性包括国内外现状、知识产权状况和发展趋势；技术突破对产业技术进步的重要意义和作用；项目可能形成的产业规模和市场前景

*项目主要科技攻关、开发内容

包括项目的主要科技攻关内容、开发任务。

*项目实施的技术方案

包括项目的技术路线、工艺的合理性和成熟性，关键技术的先进性和创新点；产品技术性能水平与国内外同类产品的比较；拟建公司在实施本项目的优势。

]

*项目实施的现有基础项目研发现状，项目领军人物主要情况，项目研发团队介绍。

项目领军人物及项目研发团队

姓名
角色
专业职称
任务
专长
主要经历
时间	单位	职务		业绩




所受教育
时间	学校		专业		学历

二、 产品与服务

*介绍拟建企业的产品或服务，及对客户的价值

*同样的产品是否还没有在市场上出现？为什么？

*利润的来源及持续营利的商业模式

三、风险

*企业面临的风险及对策

说明该项目实施过程中可能遇到的风险，及其应对措施。包括：

技术_________________________________市场 ______________________________

生产 _________________ __________ 财务 _________________

管理_______________________________ 政策 _____

其它_____________________________________________________________________

四、 市场营销

*介绍企业所针对的市场、营销战略、竞争环境、竞争优势与不足

五、 管理团队

*列出拟建企业的关键人物（含创建者、董事、经理和主要雇员等）

关键人物之一

姓名
角色
专业职称
任务
专长
主要经历
时间	单位	职务		业绩




所受教育
时间	学校		专业		学历

*尚未有合适人选的关键职位？

*管理团队优势与不足之处？

*人才战略与激励制度？

六、 财务预测

*完成研发所需投入？

*达到盈亏平衡所需投入？

*达到盈亏平衡的时间？

*拟引入风险投资总额？

*当前月收入

*当前月支出

*投资与收益（如企业已成立请另附已有财务年度的相应财务报表）

（单位万元）	第一年	第二年	第三年	第四年	第五年
年收入
销售成本
运营成本
净收入
实际投资
资本支出
年终现金余额

*产品形成规模销售时，毛利润率为____________%，纯利润率为____________%，并说明预测依据。

预计未来3-5年年均资产回所率 %。

*开户银行

*简述本期风险投资的数额、退出策略、预计回报数额和时间表？

七、 资本结构

迄今为止有多少资金投入贵企业？
您目前正在筹集多少资金？
假如筹集成功，企业可持续经营多少久？
下一轮投资打算筹集多少？
企业可以向投资人提供的权益有	□股权 □可转换债 □普通债权 □不确定

*目前资本结构表

股东成份	已投入资金	股权比例

*本期资金到位后的资本结构表

股东成份	投入资金	股权比例

*请说明你们希望寻求什么样的投资者？（包括投资者对行业的了解，资金上、管理上的支持程度等）

八、其它

*请说明为什么投资人应该投贵企业而不是别的企业？

*您认为企业成功的关键因素是什么？

*关于企业和产品是否还有其它需要介绍的内容，是否有企业或产品的手册、文章、图片、用户反馈等有关验证资料？

九、附件

已有的和正在接洽的公司客户名单

_____________________________________________________________________

有关媒体对公司及其产品的介绍、宣传等资料

_____________________________________________________________________

公司需附录的其他文件

_____________________________________________________________________

=========================================

Immigration and Visa Seminar (UCLA 3/1)

Dear members,

Law Offices of Li & Associates and CSSA-UCLA will co-host an immigration seminar on UCLA campus. Mark Xiangru Li, Attorney at Law, will present an informative speech on various immigration issues, answer questions and provide case analysis and consultation at the seminar. We cordially invite you to attend this seminar and hope it will give you some helpful information for your immigration case.

Date: Saturday, March 1, 2008
Time: 2:00 PM—4:30 PM
Place: UCLA Community Center, 3200 Sawtelle Blvd., LA, CA, 90066

Registration: Send an email to cssa.ucla.seminar@gmail.com and include
1) TITLED as "[Spring 2008 Immigration Seminar]" (IMPORTANT!!)
2) NAME
3) # of people in your group
4) YOUR contact phone # (cell phone preferred)

Refreshments will be provided.
Language Used: Chinese
Major Topics of the Seminar Include:

A.     Optional Practice Training (OPT) Application

1.      Category and length of OPT;
2.      Proper time of OPT application;
3.      Difference between keeping OPT and change to H-1B status;
4.      Work on campus and out of campus.

B.     J-1 Exchange Scholars' Change of Status
1.      How to waive 2-year home residence requirements;
2.      How to change to other type of status/visa.

C.     H-1B Work Visa/Status Application
1.      Basic requirements of H-1B application;
2.      How to avoid missing H-1B cap;
3.      Foreign BA and MS equivalent degree evaluation;
4.      How to bridge the gap between OPT and H-1B;
5.      H-1B extension beyond 6 years of maximum stay under AC21;
6.      H-1B change of employer and change of job duties;
7.      H-4 spouse change to H-1B after principal's H-1B maximum stay is reached;
8.      Difference between TN and H-1B;

D.    Permanent Resident (Green Card) Application
Basic ways of green card application;
How to apply green card while in school with F-1 visa;
How to apply National Interest Waiver (NIW);
Difference between NIW and 1st preference;
Permanent Labor Certification application under PERM;
Chang of employer while case is pending;
Travel abroad and keep H-1B status while green card application is pending;
How to avoid current visa backlog.

E.     Questions and Answers, Case Analysis and Consultation
You are encouraged to email your particular questions to us so that we can address them at the seminar and help other people having same questions. Our email is markxruli@gmail.com

Our law firm exclusively practices immigration law. With our more than 10 years of experience, dedicated devotion and enthusiasm, we have successfully helped thousands of our clients from various parts of the world obtain their green cards and nonimmigrant visa/status. You are welcome to contact us for free case evaluation and consultation at markxruli@gmail.com Office address: 1499 Huntington Dr., #312, South Pasadena, CA 91030, Tel: 626-441-3644, Fax: 626-441-3780, Web: www.lirulaw.com

===============================

美国华裔医学科学家协会 (NSMS-CAA) Dinner meeting with ZhuHai Delegation
http://www.nsms-caa.org/index.html

Dinner meeting with ZhuHai delegations
TIME: 3/16/2008, Sunday, 19:00-21:00pm
LOCATION: Washington DC Area
CONTACT: 301-379-8896

The delegation has seven people. They are:

Mr. Gao Cunliang, Vice-Chairman of the Standing Committee of Zhuhai People's Congress;

Mr. Zhou Song, Deputy Director of Overseas Chinese Affairs Bureau of Zhuhai City;

Mr. Mei Qiwei, Executive Director of Zhuhai Overseas Exchanging Association;

MR. Yan Wu, Director of Zhuhai Hi-tech Business Incubator;

Ms. Ye Wanna, Section Chief of Overseas Chinese Affairs Bureau of Zhuhai City;

Ms. Zheng Jun, Staff Member of Science and Technology Bureau of Zhuhai City;

Mr. Jin Yi, Interpreter of Foreign Affairs Bureau of Zhuhai City.

美国华裔医学科学家协会 (NSMS-CAA)
http://www.nsms-caa.org

=============================================

Dr. YongGang Li’s Greeting Remarks at CSA Spring Gathering at U_West (Photo)

(Photoed by Reporter of People’s Daily - John Kejiang Guan)

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Dear CSA members and family members,

Dear Friends,

Happy New Year!

I have a great honor to be on behalf of Board Directors of Chinese Scholar Association of Southern California sincerely welcome you to join us in the CSA 2008 Chinese Spring Gathering. All of board directors are very pleased to meet you and share enjoyments with you in this traditional Chinese Lunar New Year Festival. Your participating is the largest support

to CSA.

First, we would like to acknowledge University of The west, our sponsor of this event, President Allen Huang and Prof. Bill Chen (who is also the CSA lifetime member) to provide us this beautiful place and nice Chinese food. Thanks for University Faculty and students for their kind support and volunteering work too.

Secondly, we are thankful to all the attendees in this gathering, and would like to show our great honor to special guests along with us to spend this wonderful evening: Consul Li Yaosheng, Dr. Ye Xiangdong, Consul Wang Yi, Song, Dr. Jeffrey Wang, Dr. Li Horn-yi, VP Shen Zhiqin, Mr. Norman Hsu, Mr. Mark Li, Ms. Jene Wang, Zha Linna & Rebecca.

We also sincerely appreciate the sponsorship from ACE Capital Group (http://www.acecapgroup.com)

The CSA has been established for 10 years. Under the excellent leadership of previous Presidents Drs. Zhenying Jiang, Lianlian Lin, Kwan Ming Chan, Zhensu She, the selfless contributions of former board members Drs. Chan Kwon-Ming, Huang Shenghe, Lisa Wang, Kwong Kern, Shen Binghui, cooperation of our fellow members and supports of our friends, CSA has being rapidly growing in the recent years. It reflects that CSA as a unique professional association is vigorous in its action.

The current Board of Directors will continue our efforts to further promote CSA’s unique function in the Chinese Overseas community, and strengthen the mutual understanding and exchanges between the East and West cultures and in other aspects. Here, we express our special acknowledgement to our American friends who join with us in this event.

Thirdly, we deeply appreciate the Event Organization Committee headed by Drs. Kylie Hsu, CSA Secretary, Bing Huang, Chongwu Zhou, Qian, Lu, Daniel Kwong, Lianlian Lin, Yong-Gang Li and Bill Chen, for their extremely hard work and tremendous efforts to make this gathering successful. We heartily salute them tonight.

Finally, let’s stay together, work together and share the resources among us to foster a healthy and harmonic environment of our association. Best wishes to all of you and your family in new years.

诚心地祝贺您, 愿一切祝愿都能成真.

Please enjoy a wonderful meal.

Thanks.

(Photoed by Reporter of People’s Daily - John Kejiang Guan)

=========================================

中国旅美科技协会 (CAST) 在犹他州盐湖城召开年会

2008年2月16日中国旅美科技协会 (简称旅美科协) 在犹他州盐湖城的小美洲酒店召开年会。犹他州州长，中华人民共和国大使馆，国务院侨办纷纷发来贺电。

犹他州政府官员，高校校长，华裔工商团体代表，和300多名中国旅美科技协会犹他州，及全美各地的会员代表齐聚一堂，讨论中国旅美科技协会作为最大旅美华人科技组织，如何更好的在中美科技交流中发挥其举足轻重的作用。

与会的贵宾有：

· 犹他州州长Jon Huntsman Jr. （Governor of the State of Utah）

· 中国驻美经济参赞李海岩 (Counselor for Economic Affairs)

· 犹他州卫生部执行主管 David N. Sundwall (Executive Director, State of Utah Department of Health)

· 犹他州经济发展，国际贸易和外交办公室主任Brett W. Heimburger (Director, State of Utah Governor’s Office of Economic Development, International Trade and Diplomacy)

· 犹他州大学副校长 Fred Explin (Vice President, Unicersity of Utah)

· 曹氏集团总裁兼执行长Dr. Densen Cao

· TeaTech. Inc. 主任研究员 Dr. Danyi Quan (Chief Scientific Officer)

旅美科协犹他分会会长，组委会主席蒋为民首先致词。旅美科协总会会长，全国贷款高级副总裁沈陆致欢迎词。犹他州州长Jon Huntsman Jr.以流利的汉语做了开场白。州长的演讲多次提到，犹他州期待与中国发展科技，经济，贸易，教育等多领域的交流。他也赞赏旅美科协，尤其是犹他分会在推动中美各个层面交流中起到的积极做用。州长的讲话风趣幽默，在引用汉朝典故时，用中英双语强调，社会的和谐是国家发展的基础。

中国驻美经济参赞李海岩的讲话中，列举了详细的数据，显示了中国经济发展的趋势。犹他州大学副校长 Fred Explin也表达了他对在座的留学生寄予的希望。旅美科协犹他分会上任会长蒋为民，现任会长盛晓明为在工商教育界做过杰出贡献的代表人物发了奖。

会后，州长和旅美科协总会会长沈陆，还有旅美科协外州分会的代表亲切和影。大会在精彩的民乐表演中圆满结束。


	左起：洛杉矶分会副会长贾鹏程，2008秘书长于浩，2008会长沈陆，犹他州州长Jon Huntsman，2009会长陆强，犹他州分会长蒋为民，犹他州分会成员

======================================

DATA – American University/College Faculty Members （美国高等教育最新数据库资料）

Attitudes and Activities of Full-Time Faculty Members, 2005-6

	All institutions			Universities		Other 4-year colleges		2-year colleges
	Total	Men	Women	Public	Private	Public	Private	Public
Political orientation:
Far left	5.3%	5.1%	5.7%	6.2%	6.1%	5.9%	5.6%	3.3%
Liberal	42.3%	38.9%	48.1%	47.9%	47.3%	43.5%	42.4%	33.3%
Middle of the road	34.3%	35.3%	32.5%	31.8%	31.0%	34.2%	31.3%	41.1%
Conservative	17.7%	20.3%	13.5%	13.8%	15.4%	16.0%	20.4%	22.0%
Far right	0.3%	0.4%	0.2%	0.3%	0.2%	0.4%	0.4%	0.3%
	All institutions			Universities		Other 4-year colleges		2-year colleges
	Total	Men	Women	Public	Private	Public	Private	Public
Professional writings published or accepted for publication in the last two years
None	41.6%	37.6%	48.3%	19.6%	18.1%	33.7%	46.4%	79.4%
1 to 2	27.4%	27.1%	27.9%	26.5%	26.5%	35.9%	31.9%	15.8%
3 to 4	17.7%	19.3%	15.0%	27.3%	28.0%	19.8%	15.1%	3.1%
5 to 10	10.7%	12.6%	7.6%	20.6%	22.1%	9.1%	5.4%	1.3%
11 to 20	2.1%	2.7%	1.0%	4.7%	4.7%	1.1%	0.8%	0.2%
21 to 50	0.4%	0.6%	0.1%	1.1%	0.5%	0.2%	0.2%	0.1%
More than 50	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.2%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%
	All institutions			Universities		Other 4-year colleges		2-year colleges
	Total	Men	Women	Public	Private	Public	Private	Public
Reasons noted as very important in decision to pursue an academic career
Intellectual challenge	83.9% %	82.3% %	86.4% %	88.5% %	89.2% %	85.5% %	83.5% %	75.0% %
Intellectual freedom	77.2 %	77.0 %	77.5 %	81.4 %	79.4 %	79.3 %	74.5 %	71.2 %
Freedom to pursue scholarly/teaching interests	75.3 %	75.9 %	74.4 %	83.0 %	82.1 %	78.3 %	73.1 %	62.7 %
Autonomy	72.8 %	73.2 %	72.1 %	76.7 %	77.4 %	74.5 %	70.3 %	66.4 %
Opportunities for teaching	70.5 %	67.2 %	75.9 %	60.0 %	60.4 %	72.4 %	77.2 %	77.9 %
Flexible schedule	68.4 %	65.0 %	74.3 %	67.6 %	66.3 %	71.2 %	67.7 %	67.7 %
Opportunities for research	38.6 %	41.7 %	33.4 %	61.1 %	61.4 %	40.0 %	31.6 %	9.4 %
Opportunity to influence social change	24.2 %	19.4 %	32.4 %	22.3 %	20.0 %	26.1 %	25.9 %	25.0 %
Occupational prestige/professional status	17.9 %	17.8 %	17.9 %	19.5 %	19.5 %	18.4 %	15.7 %	17.1 %
	All institutions			Universities		Other 4-year colleges		2-year colleges
	Total	Men	Women	Public	Private	Public	Private	Public
Aspects of job noted as satisfactory or very satisfactory:
Autonomy and independence	87.2%	87.0%	87.3%	88.4%	89.8%	85.5%	88.4%	85.9%
Job security	78.2%	80.8%	73.8%	80.0%	81.3%	76.7%	74.7%	79.9%
Opportunity to develop new ideas	77.8%	78.5%	76.6%	79.6%	82.7%	74.7%	78.8%	76.3%
Professional relationships with other faculty members	77.6%	77.4%	77.8%	72.4%	75.3%	75.9%	81.4%	82.7%
Overall job satisfaction	76.7%	76.8%	76.5%	73.6%	78.7%	73.7%	79.2%	80.7%
Competency of colleagues	74.0%	73.5%	74.8%	72.1%	76.4%	70.6%	78.9%	74.7%
Social relationships with other faculty members	63.9%	62.1%	67.0%	57.1%	63.0%	63.3%	68.8%	68.3%
Office/lab space	62.1%	62.2%	61.8%	61.4%	70.2%	58.7%	66.5%	58.8%
Opportunity for scholarly pursuits	61.3%	64.5%	55.8%	70.5%	73.3%	56.0%	56.4%	56.3%
Relationships with administration	60.2%	60.1%	60.3%	57.1%	61.3%	58.2%	65.4%	61.4%
Teaching load	57.0%	58.2%	55.0%	62.5%	66.0%	51.9%	53.7%	55.3%
Salary and fringe benefits	49.0%	49.4%	48.2%	46.6%	56.3%	45.6%	47.9%	54.8%
Quality of students	44.2%	42.1%	47.8%	44.0%	70.0%	38.1%	52.2%	33.7%
Visibility for jobs at other institutions/organizations	44.2%	43.4%	45.6%	49.5%	52.8%	39.9%	40.9%	41.3%
Availability of child care	36.7%	38.2%	34.3%	31.7%	31.4%	35.1%	20.8%	52.4%
	All institutions			Universities		Other 4-year colleges		2-year colleges
	Total	Men	Women	Public	Private	Public	Private	Public
Primary interest
Very heavily in teaching	37.1%	32.9%	44.0%	16.4%	15.6%	30.7%	39.2%	72.7%
In teaching and research, but leaning toward teaching	36.0 %	36.4 %	35.4 %	34.5 %	32.8 %	44.6 %	44.5 %	23.5%
In teaching and research, but leaning toward research	23.2 %	26.4 %	17.8 %	40.5 %	44.4 %	22.1 %	15.2 %	3.5%
Very heavily in research	3.7 %	4.3 %	2.8 %	8.6 %	7.2 %	2.6 %	1.1 %	0.3%
	All institutions			Universities		Other 4-year colleges		2-year colleges
	Total	Men	Women	Public	Private	Public	Private	Public
Agrees strongly or somewhat that at own institution:
Faculty members are interested in students' personal problems	77.6%	76.2%	80.0%	61.2%	76.4%	76.3%	90.2%	86.8%
Racial and ethnic diversity should be more strongly reflected in the curriculum	55.3%	48.4%	66.8%	50.6%	55.4%	54.0%	63.5%	54.7%
Faculty members feel that most students are well prepared academically	31.8%	32.5%	30.6%	31.5%	61.4%	24.2%	42.2%	18.8%
Student-affairs staff have the support and respect of faculty members	66.6%	64.6%	69.9%	62.0%	65.1%	63.3%	72.0%	71.1%
Faculty members are committed to the welfare of the institution	85.4%	85.0%	86.1%	78.7%	86.4%	81.6%	91.7%	91.0%
Faculty members are strongly interested in the academic problems of undergraduates	82.9%	82.6%	83.4%	68.6%	83.8%	82.3%	92.3%	90.5%
Many courses include feminist perspectives	36.0%	37.0%	34.3%	39.2%	38.7%	37.3%	39.5%	27.8%
Faculty members of color are treated fairly	87.6%	90.2%	83.2%	82.6%	86.9%	88.2%	89.2%	91.3%
Woman faculty members are treated fairly	84.7%	90.6%	74.9%	79.7%	80.5%	84.4%	87.1%	90.5%
Gay and lesbian faculty members are treated fairly	74.8%	77.1%	70.8%	75.8%	64.6%	77.0%	68.2%	81.7%
Many courses involve students in community service	35.2%	32.9%	39.0%	24.1%	48.0%	33.9%	49.4%	31.6%
The institution should hire more faculty members of color	67.9%	63.9%	74.6%	69.5%	73.3%	64.9%	76.7%	59.3%
The institution should hire more woman faculty members	51.6%	46.1%	60.9%	63.7%	67.5%	51.8%	49.6%	33.8%
Most students are strongly committed to community service	27.5%	26.9%	28.5%	21.4%	52.3%	21.0%	46.8%	14.4%
My research is valued by faculty members in my department	68.2%	70.2%	64.8%	71.8%	75.0%	68.2%	73.4%	55.8%
My teaching is valued by faculty members in my department	86.1%	86.4%	85.5%	80.5%	85.6%	85.0%	90.9%	89.3%
	All institutions			Universities		Other 4-year colleges		2-year colleges
	Total	Men	Women	Public	Private	Public	Private	Public
Agrees strongly or somewhat that:
Western civilization and culture should be the foundation of the undergraduate curriculum	55.8%	60.4%	48.1%	52.1%	60.9%	56.0%	62.0%	51.9%
College officials have the right to ban persons with extreme views from speaking on campus	27.9%	30.5%	23.4%	20.9%	33.4%	24.2%	36.8%	29.1%
The chief benefit of a college education is that it increases one's earning power	30.4%	31.6%	28.4%	26.6%	21.4%	30.7%	23.4%	44.1%
Promoting diversity leads to the admission of too many under-prepared students	28.0%	33.3%	19.1%	28.8%	24.9%	30.4%	25.4%	27.8%
Colleges should be actively involved in solving social problems	63.2%	60.6%	67.4%	64.0%	64.7%	64.9%	66.6%	57.3%
Tenure is an outmoded concept	31.1%	27.7%	36.6%	28.1%	30.3%	29.9%	32.5%	34.2%
Community service should be given weight in college admissions decisions	56.0%	53.5%	60.3%	52.7%	61.9%	55.6%	61.5%	53.5%
Tenure is essential to attract the best minds to academe	64.1%	69.1%	55.5%	71.6%	69.7%	66.9%	60.7%	54.3%
A racially/ethnically diverse student body enhances the educational experience of all students	90.7%	88.0%	95.1%	90.9%	91.7%	90.8%	92.3%	88.6%
	All institutions			Universities		Other 4-year colleges		2-year colleges
	Total	Men	Women	Public	Private	Public	Private	Public
Issues believed to be of high or highest priority at own institution:
To promote the intellectual development of students	76.5%	75.9%	77.4%	70.5%	84.2%	72.1%	83.7%	78.1%
To enhance the institution's national image	60.5%	61.1%	59.6%	81.3%	82.4%	56.0%	59.9%	35.1%
To increase or maintain institutional prestige	59.3%	58.4%	60.6%	71.5%	76.1%	52.3%	57.4%	48.4%
To create a diverse multicultural campus environment	53.6%	51.5%	57.1%	55.6%	53.4%	56.3%	51.6%	51.8%
To recruit more minority students	50.7%	49.1%	53.5%	56.0%	50.6%	53.5%	50.0%	44.3%
To help students examine and understand their personal values	50.1%	48.2%	53.3%	33.3%	67.5%	43.0%	74.9%	47.9%
To develop a sense of community among students and faculty	47.7%	44.3%	53.5%	34.0%	55.9%	42.9%	66.2%	49.2%
To develop leadership ability among students	45.0%	42.1%	49.8%	35.4%	56.3%	41.5%	59.2%	42.6%
To facilitate student involvement in community service	37.5%	34.3%	42.8%	24.3%	57.5%	33.4%	56.3%	32.2%
To mentor new faculty members	34.4%	33.1%	36.6%	30.5%	35.1%	33.3%	37.2%	37.3%
To help students learn how to bring about change in American society	26.5%	24.1%	30.6%	20.1%	33.9%	24.8%	37.1%	22.9%
To hire faculty "stars"	26.2%	26.3%	25.9%	48.9%	45.3%	16.3%	14.7%	14.0%
To promote the religious/spiritual development of students	21.6%	21.3%	22.1%	7.5%	52.5%	8.9%	53.7%	9.9%
NOTE: The figures are based on survey responses of 32,840 faculty members at 358 colleges and universities. The survey was conducted in the fall and winter of 2001-2 and was limited to full-time employees who spent at least part of their time teaching undergraduates. The figures were statistically adjusted to represent the total population of full-time faculty members. Because of rounding or multiple responses, figures may add to more than 100 percent.

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Net Fourm教授论坛：上海房市的趋势（孙涤）

本篇是笔者半年以前讨论房市走向的一篇随笔，其时房市正炙手可热，房价节节涌高，令众人忐忑。而眼下政府机构决意调控和纠偏，重手迭出，令房市热潮一时铩羽。民众包括地产开发商的期望经过此番折腾，懵懂挣扎之中尚待调适，但房市处于粘滞僵持，有行无市，疲态毕显，却是不容置疑的了。此时再来重谈房市的趋势，尤其以长程的眼界，且尽量避免以经济政策的大义来讨论，应该有其意思。

笔者自认对市场的波动向来后知后觉，更何况房市之诡蹫，实不下于股市，特别是国内的房市，数据质量粗次，定义多岐、评析浮滥，且多受私利和情绪的趋策，极易令人茫失其里。

然而房市又是个人消费的最大门类，居民的财富有过半是以住房的形式拥有，大半的“房产”是靠按揭方式来融资的超前消费的耐用品，即把家庭未来的收入流折算成现金抵押给了银行才购置的。因此，居屋消费是购是租，何时投资，可能是市民一生中最重要的财富管理决策。

拥有自家的房子已是城镇居民的共识和基本追求，但眼下是不是入市购置的好时机？根据惯常所用的指标，如房价收入比，购租比之类，购房的风险似乎已是危如累卵。例如，上海公寓的平均房价除以平均月租，在四百之上的比比皆是，假如一切都不变，（包括不考虑房屋折旧、中介管理费、税收之类的话，）房主的投资至少要33年方可回本。（对此计算有兴趣者请参阅本刊2007年11月一期张志雄的“买房还是不买房，这是个大问题”一文中的细致透彻的分析。）

这是怎样一个概念呢？用一个简单的经验公式

年净收益

房价= 来计算一下，我们知道

折现利率

房价 1

= 33 =

年净投资折现利率

得出约3% 的折现利率或投资回报率，而眼下的按揭贷款利率控制在7% 左右。也就是，房子的资产现值不及房价的一半，购房而不赁屋而居岂非疯狂？！然而，本文所要支持的观点却不同。上述过于简化的解释之所以误导，是把一个最关键的要素，住房价值的增长给舍象掉了，而这个资本增值的部分正是房地产投资的着眼点。

开放三十年来，一个城镇家庭的收入上升了何止三十倍，而房租（由配给制改为货币化）上升了又何止三十倍。1987年以来的统计数字表明，我国城镇居民的房价与家庭投入之比在五至七倍。要是把房产的增值考虑进去，而不仅仅把租金当作年净收益的全部，则投资房产的回报要合理得多。任何人都能告诉你，在过去十年里，一个城镇家庭买了房比它租屋而居（加上首期款存银行及可能的开支节约）的回报要好得太多。

众人之所以积极看好未来，把房地产捧高，绝非闭着眼睛乱投机。其间或有不少兴风作浪者，如开发商串谋、地方官吏袒护、投机客炒作、媒体煽情，等等，把水搅浑。（对房地产业有较公允的分析并能够提出坦直批评的书可参阅徐滇庆的《房价与泡沫经济》2006年，中信出版社）。房地产市场近年来的爆升趋势在近期内会不会出现拐点？会不会如不少经济学人所预言的泡沫破裂？无论对个人的投资选择还是对整个国民经济，确实是个大问题。

房市走向乃市场经济现象，有它的起伏跌宕，有它的周期更替，略有常识者无不承认；但依据过去数年的房价腾涨是否就能断言房市即将遭到重挫，而且会一发不可收拾，则有耸人耳目之嫌。若能不考虑环境丕变（包括恶性自然灾害、战乱、全球性经济危机等）和政策性剧变（政局动荡、骚乱、逆行倒施等等，而这些恶性剧烈变化的影响将绝不止于房地产一端，）我们并没有多大理由认为房地产市场会垮于一旦，或在大幅改正后长年翻不了身。

房地产市场有其独特的一面，地产价值的地域性很强，牢牢绑定在当地，往往隔一、两个街区行情就大不相同，因此各地的房地产市场的可比性不高，即使全球化竞争格局也不会有效怃平地区间的差异。人们把房地产价值的决定因素描述为“location，location，location”，所谓“地势、地势、地势”者，对于处在中国大转变大发展的焦点的中心城市尤其适用。考虑到以一实例来说明比较容易得到感性理解，笔者权以上海地区为例来加以浅析。

上海房产的第一个地势要素，所谓Location 1，乃得益于中国改革开放以来的大势。上海历来是既富有高价值的土地，也有殷切需要住房的居民。上世纪八十年代开放前这两者的物理存在不过是潜在的资源，没有交易，不能流通，无法以货币来计值。其时人的劳力和时间的价值极为低贱，而土地也只是禁锢在“国有”的帐册上，表示为若干平方米而己，什么价值都无从体现。这如同以前阿联酋沙漠下深藏的浩瀚油田，未加发掘前并没有什么价值。开放松绑了土地的批租和重置利用，也启动了劳动力更灵活的流动和更有效的运用，把土地和人从“单位”的依附中解脱出来。土地价值和劳动报酬的货币化同经济的市场交易化是同时并进的，土地使用权的解禁和城市居民的居住权的货币化，以及他们的收入的大幅提升，唤醒了人们改善居住条件的渴望。（上海人均居住面积从当初的4m2提升到目前的32m2左右。）货币化不但追认了天赐的或者过去所积累的价值，也因为增加流动性、减低交易摩擦、提高使用效率而增添了新的价值。可以说，九十年代以来房价和租金的腾涨是一系列社会－经济的根本变化的必然结果，并非通货膨胀或投机操作所致。

改革开放更进一步把资源的货币化推向资本化，通过更有效地配置已有的价值从而更快更多地创造新的附加价值，这需要许多金融技术特别是制度上的诸多改造和创新。如果说，一个青年必须靠自己来赚取学费才能上大学，那么他可能在四、五十岁之前是上不起学的，这时“学生贷款”就是提高生产力的金融杠杆；同样，一家人如果非得靠以往的积蓄才能购屋的话，在搬进自家房子恐怕已近退休年龄了，这时 “按揭贷款”作为强有力的金融杠杆就能大大扩增对住房的需求。虽然按揭贷款扩大了有效需求，不可避免会提升房价，却绝非浪增，因为房价与真实生产效率的提升是对应的。 “按揭贷款”实质上是把家庭未来的劳动所得“资本化”了。这个“金融创新”非常了不起，它涉及到很多制度和观念上的变革，包括产权的明晰界定、合约的执行保证、利息和风险等的计量，等等。不然的话，银行怎么会有信心一笔三十年的贷款能够得到偿还，而作为借贷者您又怎么会有信心抵押在银行的房屋产权在房贷清偿之后果真会归属于您，而借贷双方又如何能有信心政府权力机关在今后漫长的数十年里不会变卦？

事实上，各种金融创新正在中国展开。例如，股市的发展有赖于上市公司的市净率显著大于100%，因为人们合理地预期的公司经营能力在未来的回报的折现要远远超出初始的投资；国债的市值则是由政府未来财税增收能力的折现来决定的，否则徒然引起通货膨胀…… 它们无不是把未来新增的收益折算成现值的结果。房地产市场金融创新也是方兴未艾，以按揭贷款打包证券化（MBS）就是这样一个金融深化的工具，能够有效的调解商业银行的坏账风险、动员和平衡全国甚至全球的资金配置到房市、有效扩大房地产融资的规模和减低成本。

总之，中国三十年来已发生的并且仍在继续的巨变，是房地产市场从规模到价格迅猛上升的第一个地势要素。只要人们相信中国的宏观生产环境的合理化不致中途熄火，只要人们的收入有实质的提高并且对未来的收入有积极的预期，这个中国特色在今后一段时期将持续下去。

Location 2，上海房市的第二个地势要素乃是它独特的地理、经济、人文、历史和品牌的综合效应。这些效应在1949年之前曾灿烂的展现过数十年，在其后的四十年却被香港承继，令香港的房市辉煌夺目，傲称于世。纵观历史过程，经济文明的崛起和发煌总是先聚集在一、二大都邑，这些中心城市的“超繁荣”会持续很长一段时期，远远领先其他地区，然后才逐渐辐射发散开去。（长安、罗马、伦敦、巴黎、东京、纽约皆可为明证。）因此不需要多少分析，我们就可预言上海之类城市（或许还包括北京、广州、深圳等）的优势。就房市的趋向而言，问自己几个常情常理的问题，如“我希望到哪里谋职和求发展？”“你要是发达了喜欢去哪里居住？”之类，就不难明了上海的地势身价。

至于上海房市的Location 3，即在上海的哪个地点置产? 则是一个具体而细致的问题。当地的中介、分析机构能够提供一些帮助，而自己的亲朋好友给你的指点或许更为可靠。传统形象、好的学区、自然景观等等，都会产生重大影响，其中文化习惯的心理的影响亦不可小觑。比如，东亚的社区讲究人气，喜好“闹猛”，邻居家打麻将的喧闹声不但不令你烦躁，反而使你感到亲切和安全。加上都市区划（zoning）不清，城市中心地段将长期受到青睐。这和欧美的城市演变有相当不同之处。所以，在上海置产的 Location 3，要注意观摩东京、汉城、香港，尤其是台北的经验，而伦敦、巴黎、纽约、或是洛杉矶的历史演革纵然可以借鉴，总不免隔靴搔痒。

总之，在评析上海房市时，我们若能应用著名历史学家黄仁宇的“大历史（macro history）观念”，假想你是站在2037年，三十年后的今天――那时你可能刚刚付完三十年的按揭贷款，拿回了“自己的”房产证，来看五十年以来（即回溯到1987年看起）的演变。以这样的眼界来想，来申视中国的和平崛起，来理解中国眼下的房市走向，来判断“泡沫”的影响，来定自己如何购房的决策，大概不至于会太过吃亏吧。

=========================================

校长饶子和来美访问名校并成功揽才七华人学者加盟南开大学

中国南开大学校长饶子和率领的南开大学访美代表团一行六人19日访问了哥伦比亚大学，会见了哥大校长李·伯林格、哥大教育学院院长苏珊·弗尔曼等校方负责人和有关院系教授。饶子和一行还专程拜访了著名华人科学家、诺贝尔奖得主、南开校友李政道教授。双方就教育、法律、历史、工程、医学、生命科学等领域的交流合作进行了富有成果的探讨。

　　在与哥大校长柏林格的会见中，饶子和回顾了两校特殊的历史渊源。1917-1918年，当时的天津南开学校校长张伯苓在哥伦比亚大学教育学院学习考察之后（1946年被授予荣誉博士学位），吸纳美国现代高等教育的理念和做法，回国创办了南开大学。饶子和表示，希望两校在新的时期进一步加强交流和合作，特别是在高层互访、师资交流、研究开发、学生培养等方面开展协作。

　　伯林格校长对南开大学近年来锐意改革深表赞佩，尤其是在生命科学、医学等学科领域的发展势头表示欣赏，希望双方共同探索合作的可能。在与弗尔曼院长的谈话中，饶子和表示，南开大学是上世纪初张伯苓老校长在该院学习考察之后的成果，他自己希望沿着张伯苓先生等前辈教育家铺下的道路，进一步推动南开的国际化，培养更多优秀的人才。弗尔曼教授对此表示赞许，也希望今后双方拓展在教育学研究等领域的交流和合作。在李政道教授的办公室，饶子和一行对李教授在推动中美之间在教育、科学等领域的合作所做出的贡献表示敬意，并向他请教治学、治校的方法（见图）。

　　李政道结合自己在美求学、教书、研究的体会，提出了不少中肯的建议和看法。饶校长请他在适当的时候访问南开，李政道欣然接受了邀请。另外，饶子和一行早前也在哥大教育学院举办了题为“追赶常青藤”的宣传演讲会，向来自大纽约地区的南开校友、中国留学生和学者介绍南开大学近年来的发展情况、服务天津滨海新区发展的战略规划以及最新的校际交流和人才招聘计划。

　　此次活动由纽约旅美南开校友会、哥伦比亚大学中国学生学者联谊会、哥伦比亚大学教育学院中国学生学者联谊会共同主办。出席演讲会的南开大学代表团成员有校长饶子和院士、副校长兼研究生院院长佟家栋教授、生命科学学院院长尹芝南教授、药学院院长王鹏教授、继续教育学院院长白长虹教授、环境科学与工程学院陈威教授、纳米科学和技术研究中心主任陈永胜教授等。纽约旅美南开校友会会长宋怀时，哥伦比亚大学中国学生学者联谊会主席、南开校友张健代表主办方致欢迎词。纽约旅美南开校友会副会长、哥伦比亚大学教育学院中国学生学者联谊会顾问杨应时主持了整场演讲会。

　　饶子和在演讲中表示，来纽约之前，代表团已经访问了斯坦福大学、加州大学圣地亚哥分校、哈佛大学、普林斯顿大学等著名学府，并广泛会见各地校友、中国留学生和学者，取得了丰硕的成果。此次出访哥伦比亚大学后，他们还将访问密歇根大学、莱斯大学、加州大学伯克利分校等美国著名高校。而此次携全体代表团成员放弃中国传统春节休假团聚的机会，远涉重洋发起美国著名高校之旅，是因为肩负光荣使命--广泛探寻国际合作交流的新机会，并在中国留美学生、学者中招贤纳士

另外，一支由7位青年华人科学家组成的生物学团队近日决定接受邀请，集体到南开大学任教。这7位学者均在美国匹兹堡大学医学院任教。他们分别是吴传跃教授，李鲁远、戴一凡副教授和张健、董恒江、蒋羽、肖国芝助理教授。肿瘤分子生物学家吴传跃之前曾被聘为中国教育部长江学者讲座教授。

南开大学校长饶子和介绍，该团队7名成员均在各自研究领域取得突出成绩，更为难得的是，他们学科互补并且长期合作。7位学者将以团队方式到南开执教，并立即着手申报国家重大课题和一系列科研计划。饶子和说，是天津滨海新区的发展态势和南开大学的诚意，打动了这些杰出的学者。“就像爱情是小说的永恒主题一样，教师是大学的永恒主题。”饶子和说，招募教师是他们此行的重要目的。南开大学急需45岁以下、发展潜力巨大的优秀青年教师；团队引进是招纳人才并使其快速有效发挥作用的战略举措。

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Scholars Net专家建议：DTV Transition and the Coupon Program

What is the digital television transition?

At midnight on February 17, 2009, all full-power television stations in the United States will stop broadcasting in analog and switch to 100% digital broadcasting. Digital broadcasting promises to provide a clearer picture and more programming options and will free up airwaves for use by emergency responders.

What is the TV Converter Box Coupon Program?

Congress created the TV Converter Box Coupon Program for households wishing to keep using their analog TV sets after February 17, 2009. The Program allows U.S. households to obtain up to two coupons, each worth $40, that can be applied toward the cost of eligible converter boxes.

A TV connected to cable, satellite or other pay TV service does not require a TV converter box from this program.

Consumers have a variety of options. Options to explore include:

Keep your existing analog TV and purchase a TV converter box. A converter box plugs into your TV and will keep it working after Feb. 17, 2009, or

Connect to cable, satellite or other pay service, or

Purchase a television with a digital tuner.

Pleaes visit the following website for the details how to order the coupon:

https://www.dtv2009.gov/

Best Regards,

Wang-He Lou. Ph.D

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大陆资深学者集体绘政改蓝图 - 鼓励竞争性选举保护记者及宗教信仰

　　中共中央党校学者在近日一份新出炉的报告中说，如果中国不进行民主改革，鼓励竞争性选举，以及放宽审查制度，中国就将面临危险的不稳定局面。中央党校学者起草的“全面政治体制改革计划”中提出了稳步自由化的建议，称可在2020年前建起“现代公民社会”，并在之后的数十年内建成“成熟的民主法治社会”。

　　这些学者在《攻坚：十七大后中国政治体制改革研究报告》中称，如果政治体制改革进程被拖延，就可能导致经济混乱、腐败现象加剧，以及民众不满等问题。报告称，民众的民主意识正在不断增强，党政官员严重的腐败问题也使得政治体制改革的要求更加迫切。

　　此报告完成于去年10月、中共十七大闭幕之后，近日才出现在北京的一些书店里。该书并没有提出实现直接民主的要求。作者称，必须全面掌握局势，精英决策的机制也将帮助中国维持长期经济繁荣的局面。但专家们在这份366页的报告中设计了一张政治改革具体路线图，称在未来12年内进行三个阶段的改革，包括限制党的权力，扩大民众、记者、宗教信徒和人大代表权利等。

　　报告称，政府有必要对新闻业进行监管，但现在的审查方式将会助长腐败，并导致民众对政府的不信任，“新闻自由是不可避免的趋势”。他们还要求政府提高对宗教信仰的尊重。他们还建议缩小近3000人的全国人大代表的规模，授予其直接制定预算和审计政府开支的权力。各级人大代表的候选人应被允许进行拉票活动——目前这是被禁止的行为。报告作者中包括周天勇、王长江等中共中央党校的资深改革派学者，目前他们都拒绝发表评论。
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中国留学人员广州科技交流会的问候

尊敬的各位南加州华裔教授们：

值此农历元宵节之际，中国留学人员广州科技交流会组委会谨向你们表示节日的问候，恭祝各位身体健康，家庭和睦，团团圆圆！

希望留交会和CSA教授协会能保持联系，在新的一年继续谱写合作篇章，为中国发展输送更多的智力支持！

顺祝各位在新的一年里，工作顺利，生活事业都迈上一个新的台阶！

中国留学人员广州科技交流会

2008年2月

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Study finds reducing kids' salt intake could mean fewer soft drinks, calories

The AP (2/21, Stengle) reports that according to a St. George's University of London study published Wednesday in Hypertension, an American Heart Association journal, children with a high intake of salty foods are more likely to "turn to calorie-filled sodas" to quench their thirst. The study found "that cutting in half the amount of salt British children consume -- a decrease of about half a teaspoon a day -- would lead to an average reduction of about 18 ounces of sugar-sweetened soft drinks per week." Graham MacGregor, a co-author of the study, noted that salt is often "a hidden factor in the obesity epidemic," and the research team suggests "all that salt isn't coming from the salt shaker: About 80 percent comes from manufactured food." According to the researchers, less salt could "translate to fewer soft drinks and therefore fewer calories." Moreover, "a modest reduction in salt has already been shown to lower blood pressure, which increases the risk of later-in-life heart attack and stroke."

MedPage Today (2/20, Gever) added, "The finding emerged from a cross-sectional study of 1,688 boys and girls in Britain who recorded everything they ate and drank, by weight, for one week." The study team "found that soft drinks accounted for more than half of fluid consumption among most age groups for girls and boys, except for 17-year-olds. Taking all of the participants together, 56 percent of total fluid intake was in the form of soft drinks, of which 55 percent were sugar-sweetened and 45 percent were low-calorie." According to the researchers, "Per-capita consumption of soft drinks is similar in Britain and the United States."

Program teaches children about healthy eating. Oregon ABC-affiliate KDRV-TV (2/20) reported, "A Southern Oregon program is aiming to help reduce obesity" through "hands-on healthy cooking demonstrations at Kids Unlimited in Medford," Oregon. The five-week program, which was financed through a grant, aims "to educate...kids on the importance of a healthy lifestyle and how to incorporate it into their own lives." Executive Chef Daniel Edwards said, "It's difficult to grasp. Some kids have never cut a vegetable or seen where they come from. It's been a blessing to help and see the changes in our youth."

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聖地牙哥海歸華人成績亮麗（李大明）

中國經濟持續高速發展，使旅美大陸學人回國服務、創業成為方興未艾的潮流。這些被稱為「海歸」的人士中，有不少原是美國各地華人社團的負責人，在高科技人才薈萃的聖地牙哥，類似情形也很普遍。這些昔日的會長、理事們在國內是否真正找到施展才幹的機會？告別美國安穩的生活與志同道合的朋友，對他們會有什麼影響？

據統計，曾任聖地牙哥華人社團負責人的「海歸」不少於30人，其中有原旅美科技協會會長劉志翔、原生物製藥協會會長賀耘、原「華夏」中文學校理事長黃士昂、原中國人協會會長楊曉明、原美中科技商務促進會會長張海明、劉至，原海外山東人協會會長于保法、原旅美泉州科技教育協會會長張曉坤、原聖地牙哥加州大學中國學生學者聯誼會主席彭容，以及曾任各協會理事的歐小雲、田豐、李賀、孫淮、林潔、夏凱旋、田燕雲等。

這些「海歸」回國服務或創業，最常見的做法是「人去根留」，讓配偶、子女繼續留在聖地牙哥，本人每年來往於大洋彼岸。箇中原因，或是配偶有不易放棄的職業、或是子女學業不宜中斷，或對中國方面能否久留尚有顧慮。形成「外在美」或「內在美」（意即外子或內人仍在美國）現象。

經過實踐與觀察，許多人會確定留在大陸發展的方向，遂將家眷接去，延續天倫之樂。原旅美科協會長劉志翔在廣東深圳的科技園區創辦高科技公司，發展前景可觀，遂於去年秋天毅然賣掉聖地牙哥的房子，以「連根拔」的決心返國。孫淮、林潔夫婦雙雙獲上海交通大學聘用，自然也「舉家喬遷」，連愛犬也帶回中國。

「海歸」回國後的專業生涯也大相逕庭，少數有經濟能力者，在各地投資辦企業，當上名副其實的老闆。如張海明、于保法分別在蘇州與山東濟南開辦工廠、醫院。于保法還被山東省選為全國人大的代表。多數人回國創業靠的是本身的知識與技術。原在杜邦公司任職的柏旭2000年回到母校吉林大學，擔任組合化學的博士指導教授，做得有聲有色，曾獲中國國務院僑辦嘉獎。

到上海交大教化學的孫淮也是如魚得水，他在校內率先實現全英語教學，深受歡迎，交大網站上貼滿學生對他的讚譽。

專攻材料化學的楊曉明在相關領域建樹頗多，擁有多項美、中兩國的專利。回國之初，他與江蘇省江都市一家企業合作，他出技術，對方出資金設備，可惜雙方的「聯姻」並不匹配。楊曉明再接再厲，又在浙江省餘姚市找到合作夥伴，出任企業副總裁。走對了這步棋，事業就邁上發展坦途。

來自廣州的歐小雲走的是協助中國企業引進外資的道路，鍥而不捨地奔走多年，促成中美合資的「廣州西朗污水處理廠」動工並投產。

曾任職聖地牙哥某華資教育機構的夏凱旋回國後獨闢蹊徑，邁上從政的階梯，經數年歷練，現已官拜山東威海市市長助理。

「海歸」菁英中並非人人心想事成。在國內遭遇挫折、鎩羽而返，甚至感情出軌、家庭破碎的事，也時有所聞。但整體而言，從聖地牙哥踏上「海歸」之路者，多數都交出了亮麗的成績單。

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WHO alarms HIV infection among TB patients

World Health Organization (WHO) on Wednesday urged Asian countries to harness the growing trend of HIV and TB (Tuberculosis) co-infection and its resulting deaths in the region. A statement released by the Manila-based WHO Western Pacific Region office said people living with HIV who develop TB are 10 times more likely to die earlier than those who do not.

Dr. Shigeru Omi, WHO's regional director, said unfortunately to this day new TB patients have insufficient access to HIV testing. "This contributes to very high case fatality rates of 25-50 percent among new TB patients in the Western Pacific Region," Omi said, adding that half of TB patients infected with HIV would have died during TB treatment, if antiretroviral therapy is not provided. Omi said HIV testing should be made part of TB diagnosis.

Although antiretroviral therapy access has greatly expanded in the region since 2004, HIV testing in TB patients and TB screening among people with HIV remain low, WHO said. TB is a major problem in the Western Pacific Region, which accounts for about one third of the global TB burden. WHO said health officials from nine Asian countries, including China, Malaysia and the Philippines, have agreed to take steps to address the problem through the increase of testing and screening, the early access to antiretroviral therapies, and improved infection control.
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又是一个好举措：浙江官員全面退出行業協會

行業協會發展在國內領先的浙江，其市場化改革也開始走在全國前列。日前浙江省發改委透露，該省已全面完成行業協會與行政機關的脫鉤工作，共有2700多人次的兼職公務員退出。這意味著，被評價為“掛市場名字、戴政府帽子、坐行業轎子、供官員兼職”的行業協會現象在浙江將成為歷史。

協會還民間身份

作為深化經濟體制改革的重要內容，浙江這場針對行業協會的改革歷時一年有餘。2006年9月，該省發佈《關於推進行業協會改革與發展的若干意見》，掀起“變革風暴”；去年3月又發佈《關於浙江省行業協會與行政機關脫鉤的意見》，將“風暴”推向高潮。

文件規定，行業協會只要存在“與行政機關合署辦公的”、“與行政機關會計合賬的”、“現職機關工作人員兼任行業協會職務”等幾種情況中的一種，都必須完成機構分設、人員分離、財務分開和職能分開等改革。

兩份文件明確了行業協會改革的指向：摘掉“紅帽子”，實現與行政機關機構、財務、人員等“三脫鉤”；同時，在行業協會掛名任職的官員或辭去公職、或退出行業協會，以褪去行業協會“官方”、“半官方”色彩，還民間身份。這一舉動，意在徹底改變在經濟體制轉軌的特殊背景下發展起來的行業協會的積弊。

“放手”同時“放權”

“變革風暴”去年底收尾。浙江省發改委透露，到目前，全省應脫鉤的1342家行業協會已全面完成與行政機關分離，其中1229家實現與行政機關機構、人員、財務“三脫鉤”，113家進行了註銷、撤銷或變更社團屬性；有公務員兼職情況的1213家協會實現公務員全面退出，共涉及公務員兼職2703人次。

“改革切斷了行業協會與政府及政府部門的傳統依附關係，扭轉了行業協會的行政化傾向。”浙江省發改委開放體改處有關人員表示。

引人關注的是，浙江官方在“放手”的同時還進行“放權”——把應由行業協會履行的職能交給行業協會，並通過授權委託方式，將適宜行業協會行使的行業管理、組織協調、社會服務等職能交給行業協會。
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美国经济衰退中国求之不得？

　　当美国人忧虑经济衰退时，中国人却在担心经济过热，于是最近人们听到一种论调：美国经济放缓甚至衰退，对于急需给经济降温的中国来说，或许正是其“求之不得”的事情。

　　最近又有一种说法，世纪大雪灾客观上给中国经济降温，使中国政府调控经济的压力减轻，甚至悄悄放松了本已收紧的银根。

　　这些观点听似有一定道理，却是只看表象，不及本质。

　　中国经济通常由投资、出口和消费“三驾马车”拉动，然而这“三驾马车”的马力却很不平衡。

　　在华府威尔逊中心日前举行的中国经济研讨会上，国际货币基金组织亚太部副主任顿纳威认为，中国经济的连年高速增长主要是由投资驱动的，消费的作用却呈现下降之势，企业的融资成本太低给投资冲动火上浇油。

　　顿纳威指出，过度依赖投资导致产品过剩、价跌利减，产生新的银行坏帐，出口扩张难以为继。美国经济放缓将使中国经济面临的形势复杂化。

　　加州大学圣地牙哥分校中国经济问题专家巴里·诺顿分析，中国固定资产投资和出口额占国内生产总值的比重多年超过40％，这是难以持续的高比率。

　　诺顿说，美国经济与中国经济是不平衡的两个极端；中国对美出口占其GDP的一成，美国市场对中国经济的稳定至关重要；中国要保持经济持续增长，需要深层次的结构调整和经济效率的提高。

　　然而，中国经济在长期结构性矛盾没有解决之前，眼下正面临通胀压力。中国官方对通胀深具戒心，5％以上的通胀率都会被认为是不可接受的。最新公布的数字，中国1月份消费物价指数上涨7.1％，其中自然包括雪灾等短期因素，但此间经济学家普遍认为，原材料价格上涨是全球性的趋势，而中国的劳动力价格今后也会呈现攀升之势。中国官方提出今年经济重点要防过热、防通胀。防通胀是当前当局最关注的首要问题，“限价令”的出台不足为奇，但这只是治标。从长远看，中国经济要走出过热的怪圈，还要靠体制改革和结构调整的治本之道。

随着中国国家财力的增强，政府应当拿出更多的钱用于社会保障、教育、医疗卫生和公共服务，这样才能使民众有消费信心，才能使社会和谐。在环境改变或者突发灾难，需要临时应对之策，但决不应就此放松对改变经济增长方式、提高经济增长质量、强调科学发展观的长期目标的追求。http://www.usqiaobao.com:81/qiaobao/html/2008-02/20/content_6123.htm

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A $3 Billion 12” Wafer Fab of TSMC in Southern Taiwan Science Park (TSMC)

(FW by Da hsuan)

TSMC serves the global semiconductor market through its network of worldwide manufacturing facilities and offices. Corporate Headquarters, as well as fab 2, 3, 5, 8 and 12 are located in the Hsinchu Science Park. Fab 6 and 14 are located in the Tainan Science Park. TSMC's subsidiaries are WaferTech (US); TSMC (Shanghai, China); and its joint venture Fab SSMC (Singapore). TSMC's operations comprise two advanced 300mm wafer fabs, five eight-inch fabs and one six-inch wafer fab. TSMC is the world's largest dedicated semiconductor foundry, providing the industry's leading process technology, library and IP options and other leading-edge foundry services, such as mask making and IC packaging and testing. The company provides fabrication processes, including CMOS logic, mixed-mode/RF, volatile and non-volatile memory, BiCMOS, High Voltage and CMOS Image Sensor.

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林毅夫: 2030年中国将超越欧美成为世界最大经济市场能源问题不会遏制中国发展

刚被任命为世界银行副行长兼首席经济学家的林毅夫近日出访德国。在霍恩海姆大学与经济学专家进行专业会谈时，林毅夫称，能源问题不会遏制中国发展，到2030年，中国将超越美国和欧洲成为世界最大的经济市场。

　　林毅夫认为，中国的经济发展具有不可忽视的潜力。除了中国拥有继续吸引外资的优势外，中国的国民消费以及服务业发展将在中国经济总量中占据越来越重要的地位。他说，中国经济有望在未来20年至30年仍然保持10%左右的增长率。“中国、美国、欧洲、印度和日本将成为世界并行的5条巨龙。”

　　林毅夫指出，虽然中国经济面临收入分配不公、人口结构变化、资源紧缺和环保失利等巨大挑战，但从长期看，广受关注的能源问题并不会成为遏制中国发展的瓶颈。他说，能源价格居高将迫使中国国内的企业具备更强的节能动力，以提高能源使用效率，而政府也会出台更多的节能政策来应对能源短缺问题。与此同时，由于能源需求较大，会有更多的公司扩大能源开采的规模、增加储备，以增加能源的供应量。(记者任思强)

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美元貶值競爭優勢旅遊、出口業美國火車頭經濟學家：2009年底經濟復甦

(SingtaoUSA程嫣)

美國經濟是否真的陷入衰退？經濟學家日前的共同結論是：「經濟不會衰退」，因為美元貶值帶來一定的競爭優勢，旅遊業和出口業將成為美國經濟的「領頭羊」；而房地產市場則將繼續萎縮，甚至危及商業用房，不過卻可能「陰錯陽差」的為法律服務業的發展，帶來推波助瀾的效果，同時總的來說，美國經濟可望在2009年下半年後再度輝煌！

美國第四大金融理財公司Wachovia公司的資深經濟分析師布萊森（Jay Bryson），20日在此間的一場2008-2009經濟預測研討會上指出，許多人認為美國經濟將於不久後陷入衰退，甚至有人擔心此次衰退將比30年代的經濟大蕭條更嚴重，他說，但是實際的情況並沒有如此糟，在他看來08、09年的經濟狀態，與02、03年基本一致，處於緩慢增長階段。

　　他指出，目前美國的經濟與世界經濟息息相關的程度更甚於往昔，世界經濟走勢良好，與美元貶值已然為美國帶來競爭優勢，促成出口量與日俱增，製造業因而將有繼續發展的空間。在眾多經濟環節中，他認為最令人擔心的仍然是房產市場，雖然政府採取了一些措施，但卻始終無力回天。他預言今年夏天開始，房產大震蕩將會波及商用房地產，不過商用房地產市場的前景，應該不至於同住宅用房地產般慘烈。就整體而言，美國經濟要等到2009年末才可能得到全面恢復，2010年將是欣欣向榮、再度輝煌的一年。

　　洛杉磯經濟發展公司（LAEDC）主任經濟學家凱瑟（Jack Kyser）則著重強調「雙軌經濟」，也就是說在房產、金融、零售等行業四面楚歌的同時，旅遊業、法律服務業、出口業將逆流而上，其中，最樂觀的當屬旅遊業。他說，美元貶值使美國成為廉價市場，自然吸引大批外國遊客，同時，一些新的旅遊政策也將進一步促進旅遊業。至於法律服務業將出現空前興旺的情勢，很大一部分要歸功於次級房貸產生的大量糾紛案件。另外，高科技行業、醫療服務業也將緩慢成長。

　　在就業方面，醫療服務、酒店服務、旅遊、科技等行業將成為就業市場「領頭羊」，而金融業、建築業都處於萎縮階段。

　　根據LAEDC於當日公佈的經濟預測報告，2008年度國內生產總值增長僅在1.7%上下，2009年將上升至2.5%。通貨膨脹可能比預計的更快，特別在食品和能源領域，但不至於太過偏激，2008年通脹在2.9%上下，2009年將下降至2%。2008年就業市場增長緩慢，漲幅僅為0.5%，2009年將增加到1%上下。

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New Study finds smaller classes have limited value

Education Week (2/27, Jacobson) reports that, "while shrinking the number of students in a class can lead to higher test scores overall, it might not necessarily reduce the achievement gaps that exist between students in a given classroom," according to a study published in the March issue of Elementary School Journal. Using data gathered "from Project STAR -- a longitudinal research study on class-size reduction in Tennessee and the most famous experiment on the topic," researcher Spyros Konstantopoulos of Northwestern University found that "manipulating class size" did not appear to "reduce achievement gaps between students." Conversely, the analysis shows that "the range from the lowest achievers to the highest achievers...was greater in the smaller classes of 13 to 17 children than it was in larger classes of 22 to 26 students." Education Week notes that Konstantopoulos's findings are likely to cause debate, and that "[e]ven those who have differences of opinion over the implications of the research agree that more scientific research on class size is necessary."

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美國民眾儲蓄紀錄太差近年來儲蓄所得的不到1%

一千多個政府機構、民間公司和非盈利組織將於下周發動全國性的「美國儲蓄周」(America Saves week)運動(24日到3月2日)，目的在改善民眾的儲蓄成果，重點在鼓勵自動儲蓄。

這項運動要讓美國消費者更加了解儲蓄的重要，讓他們知道，遇到緊急事故、繳付購屋頭款、為孩子籌措教育費用、想安穩退休無需擔心財務，都需要有儲蓄做後盾。

華府「美國消費者聯盟」(Consumer Federation of America)副理事長兼「美國儲蓄運動」全國主任南茜‧芮吉斯特(Nancy Register)說：「今年的重點是自動儲蓄。」她強調，每個人都可在儲蓄方面盡力：

●雇主可以幫助上班族更容易加入儲蓄和退休儲蓄計畫：把部分薪水直接撥入儲蓄帳戶。

●銀行與信貸機構可以推廣自動把支票帳戶款轉入儲蓄及投資帳戶計畫。

●教育界人士可向學生宣導自動儲蓄的好處，以及複利(compound interest)累積財富的威力。

這項全國運動還有附屬的軍方儲蓄、西語裔儲蓄、非洲裔儲蓄運動，細節可上http://www.americasavesweek.org網站查閱。

專家表示，把儲蓄自動化較容易達到目標。財務顧問及「自動成為百萬富豪」(The Automatic Millionaire)等著作的作者巴赫(David Bach)說：「擺脫債務、建立財務安全，乃至終極致富的真正秘訣，在於自動儲蓄。」

一般消費者只要做一個儲蓄決定即可，例如每個月儲蓄一百元，然後設定「自動從支票帳戶把儲蓄款轉入儲蓄帳戶」，就此不再為儲蓄操心。

巴赫建議消費者設定一個目標：把一日所得相當於一小時的工資予以儲蓄，以每日工作八小時者而言，這相當於把毛收入的12.5%儲蓄起來。
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美半数IT业者收入甚至不及刚毕业大学生 H-1B工资远低于同行

　　虽然法律有明文规定，H-1B签证持有者的工资标准达到“主流工资”，一份最新的调查再次指出，这些所谓的“主流工资”其实低于同行业的美国人的平均工资。《2008年科学科技指数》提供数据显示，支付给H-1B签证者的薪水通常要比美国人的平均工资要低，行业不同，差距也有大有小。

　　例如，在2004年5月至2006年5月间，全美社会科学从业者的平均工资为64，570元，在2006财年，从事这一行业工作的H-1B签证者持有者的平均工资为60，900万。再例如，在2004年5月至2006年5月间，全美从事生命科学工作者的平均工资为68，460，但从事同一行业的H-1B签证者的平均工资只有45，600元。

　　报告进一步指出，拥有生命科学博士学位H-1B签证的工资相对较低，这也是为何生命科学的博士后都喜欢雇用一些外国人。这一报告和去年出台的一份报告也不谋而合。这一报告指出，许多公司支付给H-1B签证者的工资已经经过劳工部的认证，符合“主流工资”的标准，可是这所谓的“主流工资”和基于市场的工资（market-based salary）显然有巨大差距。

　　该报告举例称，在通过劳工部的工资认证后，IT服务供应商TCS雇用10名程序员，这些人的工资每小时只有8.22元；Infosys也曾以每小时9.15元的工资雇用过100名程序员。报告指出，问题并非出在执法不严或是有人滥用法律，因为这些H-1B申请者的工资符合法律规定，这说明市场上的同行业者的工资和“主流工资”存在差距，达到“主流工资”并不意味着达到“市场上同行业者”的工资。

支付给H-1B签证持有者的工资低于市场工资的现象普遍存在。根据移民局一份递交给国会的报告，在2005财年，刚刚拿到H-1B签证的计算机专业人员的工资中值为5万美元，远远低于美国计算机专业人员的工资中值，其中一半人的工资甚至低于美国本土刚刚毕业的计算机本科生。

【China Press USA吴越2月19日】

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Georgia to separate students by gender

The AP (2/26, Turner) reports that Georgia's Greene County "is set to become the first school district in the nation to go entirely single-sex, with boys and girls in separate classrooms." The "move [is] born of desperation," stemming from "years of poor test scores, soaring dropout rates and high numbers of teenage pregnancies." Superintendent Shawn McCollough "pointed to research showing that boys and girls learn differently, and said separating them will allow teachers to tailor their lessons." Further, McCullough said, "boys won't misbehave as much because they will no longer be trying to impress the girls, and the girls will be more likely to speak up in class because they won't be afraid to look smart in front of the boys." The measure "exempts only the preschool and a charter school, which is public but operates independently." Many parents, however, say they are upset by the measure, and Leonard Sax, head of the National Association for Single Sex Public Education, "called the move illegal." A spokeswoman for the Education Department "said officials 'do not have sufficient facts to determine if the district would be in compliance' with federal law."

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中國月亮更圓, 洋人湧華定居

隨著中國國門的逐漸開放，來華外國人的身份發生翻天覆地變化。曾幾何時，外國人要麼被視為「國際友人」，要麼就被當成「情報人員」、「敵對分子」。到如今，外國人已變成中國百姓心中的平常人，而且在華長期定居、工作、學習、生活以至與中國人通婚的越來越多。媒體調查認為，外國人在華階層成「橄欖形」分佈，既有頂級富豪、高層政府官員，也有非法入境甚至從事不法行為的外國「盲流」，但數量最多的則是看準中國市場，準備同中國人一起實現「淘金夢」的洋人。

　中國公安部的數據顯示，2007年中國的外國人出入境高達5,207.19萬人次。至於常住中國的外國人數並未有明確統計，有消息說約有38萬外國人常駐中國，還有調查稱僅常住中國的韓國人就高達100多萬。國家外國專家局新聞發言人劉永誌總結外國人來華的趨勢變化，以前是退休的多，現在是年富力強的多；以前是一般性人才多，現在是高級人才多；以前是短期工作的多，現在長期工作多。

　據《環球時報》調查，隨著來華外國人數量的日益龐大，他們之間的差異化也日益明顯：「金字塔」或「橄欖形」頂端的外國人，有著令人羨慕的收入，過著富足的生活；「中間層」則和普通中國人一樣，朝九晚五，辛勤工作；而還有一些外國人則可能為實現致富的夢想，在各種各樣的場所打拚，努力謀生。

階層呈橄欖形中段平民多

　在華外國人圈子的頂端是「高職、高薪、高享受」的「鬼佬」，他們有些是中國企業高薪聘請的精英，有些是外國企業派駐中國的高官。例如，深圳發展銀行外籍董事長兼首席執行官法蘭克．紐曼的年薪高達602.57萬元人民幣。內地獵頭公司介紹，海外公司外派到中國的高管，「年薪往往不會低於100萬美元，一些知名公司的高管年薪甚至可超200萬美元。」

　此外，中國2004年實行的「綠卡」制度，也是吸引大批外國精英來華的原因之一。中國新加坡商會原會長吳克昌說，「綠卡」制度的施行，對許多長期在中國工作、經商的外籍人士來說，可免除每年更新居留證、就業證的繁瑣工作。

　值得關注的是，中國在吸引大批海外精英和創業者的同時，也成為偷渡客眼中的「肥肉」。據北京邊檢總站調查，自2000年以來，偷渡入境的外國人數量猛增，首都機場現在幾乎每天都可查獲偷渡客。廣州地區口岸在2007年共查出外國偷渡客433人，達中國人偷渡出境的3倍。

綠卡制度吸引免換居留證

　分析人士認為，由於中國經濟快速發展，長期穩定的政局，並且有著與歐美國家相比極低的生活成本，這都是對偷渡者的巨大誘惑。中國正成為一些外國人，尤其是來自第三世界國家國民心中的「世外桃源」。

　據有關部門介紹，偷渡進入中國的外國人主要來自一些貧困地區或政治局勢比較動盪的國家。上世紀90 年代，偷渡客多來自中東國家，大部分是為躲避戰爭，而數量也並不多。近年來，來自蒙古和東南亞地區的偷渡客日漸多了起來，特別是到2006年下半年，大批非洲人開始偷渡到中國。

2008 二月 23 19:58:16 PST 文匯(HK) 劉凝哲、劉玉鳳

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学者来稿：自卫防身系列之十一 - 防范抢劫

陈工博士， SmarTough 自卫防身学创始人

陈大威，SmarTough 自卫防身学助理

了解抢劫的特点

基本情况：美国2000年发生41抢劫案，2001年发生42万件，占总暴力犯罪的29%左右。遭遇抢劫是十分危险的，因为每个案件都可能引发凶杀，而抢劫是美国凶杀案的第三大起因。每件抢劫案都可能给受害者造成心理和身体上的损伤并造成平均两万元的经济损失。在所有各种类型的抢劫中，拦路抢劫、入室抢劫及帮派抢劫对受害者都非常危险。歹徒拦路抢劫时，为了快而什么手段都用，入室抢劫时没人看见，因此歹徒什么都可以干，而帮派则心黑手辣，什么都干。

抢劫地点：在2001年，美国有44%的抢劫发生在街头和公路上，14%在商业地区，3%在加油站，7%在零售站，13%在住宅，2%在银行，还有17%在其它各种地方。

歹徒：美国抢劫案罪犯有91%为男子，62%在25岁以下，36%为白人，62%为黑人，75%以上不认识受害者。一项研究显示75%的抢劫犯是吸毒者，而40%的抢劫发生在抢劫犯的毒瘾发作时。约有19%的抢劫犯是与同伙作案，17%单独作案，其它的60%左右则有时单独有时合伙作案。但48%的抢劫案是歹徒同伙作案，这在中国尤为明显。

武器：在2001年美国所发生的抢劫案中，42%的案子中歹徒使用了枪枝，9%使用了刀，39%使用拳脚，10%使用了其它武器。受害者在遭到持刀枪歹徒抢劫时受伤机率较小，因为受害者一般不会反抗，而遭遇空歹徒抢劫时受伤可能性较大，因为他们认为自己能战胜歹徒。

劫车：劫车是抢劫的一种，但方式与其它抢劫不太相同，87%的劫车犯是男子，多数是十几岁到二十几岁，32%白人，49%黑人。50%是同伙作案，77%使用武器。绝大多数劫车案发生在夜间的街道上，在受害者的家附近。多数受害者是单独驾车女士。歹徒常用的手法是假装问路劫车，制造交通事故劫车，或在驾车人不注意时，如在红灯停下时突然袭击劫车。

如何防范抢劫

一。危险行为的检查与消除：检查一下是否你有下列任何危险因素。如果有的话，你应该马上排除这个或这些因素，不要等到明天。因为明天可能就太晚了。即便没有的话，你也应该采取一般防范办法以防意外。

1. 独自一人在僻静街上走路

2. 夜间独自出门

3. 经过帮派或毒贩地盘

4. 使用提款机

5. 喜欢露财，如穿戴华贵

6. 随身携带大量现金

7. 在夜间零售店工作

8. 取送经手大量现金

9. 家中被生人抢入

二。防范抢劫一般原则

1．尽量减少经手大量现金的机会

2．不要露财，不要显示富有，行事低调

3．尽量不要在夜间，或在僻静无人处，或在帮派及毒品地区行走或工作或娱乐

4．藏好自己的钱财，留心周围环境

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Attention: American New Study finds charter schools improve performance

The Arkansas Democrat-Gazette (2/23, Blad) reported, "Charter schools accelerate students' academic performance while creating a competitive environment that strengthens the traditional schools around them," according to Caroline Hoxby, an economics professor at Stanford University. "Hoxby tracked the academic progress of 13,000 New York City charter-school students admitted to the schools through a selection lottery." She found that "[t]he students studied performed an average of 0.07 levels higher on standardized reading tests and 0.43 levels higher on standardized math tests than students who applied to charter schools, but weren't selected in the lottery." Hoxby also found that schools "show[ing] the most significant gains in the study implemented longer school days, many as long as 10 hours, trading the extended day for larger class sizes." According to Arkansas Education Association president Dan Marzoni, however, in Arkansas "charter schools have become small learning communities that skim high-performing students with committed parents from traditional public schools." He also noted that charter schools had "higher per-pupil funding."

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学者来稿：自卫防身系列之十二 - 防范攻击伤害

陈工博士， SmarTough 自卫防身学创始人

陈大威，SmarTough 自卫防身学助理

了解攻击伤害犯罪的特点

1. 其本情况：美国每年约有一百万人遭受攻击伤害，占暴力犯罪的64%，但专家认为实际数字会更高。原造成受害者身体伤害外，每次攻击伤害案平均会给受害者造成一万元的经济损失。

2. 歹徒：82.3%的罪犯为男性，20%为生人所为，33%为情侣、朋友、熟人、或邻居所为，14%为家庭成员所为，10%是歹徒与警察之间的冲突引起，25%未知。

3. 武器：歹徒所用的主要武器有：

1) 枪 18%

2) 刀 18%

3) 棍棒 35%

4) 拳脚 29%

4. 造成攻击伤害的主要原因：年度犯罪报告没有列出伤害罪的主要原因，但案例分析表明下面的几个方面是引发攻击伤害罪的主要原因。

1) 日常生活中的争执与冲突。人们常常为一些小事而发生争执，人们又往往不愿退出，同时又常常火上加油使争执加码到动手。在美国在中国这种现象都非常普遍。

2) 帮派活动。帮派之间为利益、地盘、人员等常发生械斗、打群架等、或暗算。在欺行霸市、敲诈勒索时，亦常出手伤人。

3) 与其它犯罪共生。歹徒在枪劫、强奸、入室行窃或偷东西被人发现时常常会使用武力攻击受害者，或意图先使受害者失去反抗能力再作案，或怕受害者反抗或报案。在中国目前流行的是小偷集体作案，一旦被发现迅速转移赃物并集体攻击受害者并反诬一口以使周围的人不明就理，无法帮助受害者。

4) 受害者自找。有很多攻击伤害犯罪是由受害者本人引起的。有些人脾气很坏，损人伤人不当回事，自己尚未查觉而对方已满腔仇恨。有的人常为小事与人争执或冲突。有的人仗势欺负别人而引发报复。亦有人损人利己而遭报复。这些都是受害者引起的伤害案例。

5) 毒品与酒精引起。滥用酒精与毒品在美国司空见惯，包括大学生在内。毒品与酒精使歹徒和受害者都变得神志不清，却胆大包天，并失去自控能力。在这种情况下，任何一点小事都会引起人们互相仇恨并拳脚相向。

如何防范攻击伤害

一。危险行为的检查与消除：检查一下是否你有下列任何可能触发攻击伤害的危险因素。如果有的话，你应该马上排除这个或这些因素，不要等到明天。因为明天可能就太晚了。即便没有的话，你也应该采取一般防范办法以防意外。

10. 与帮派有联系或离帮派地盘较近

11. 与毒品有联系或离毒品地区较近

12. 脾气火爆常与人争执并不愿后果

13. 欺侮他人、挑衅、损人利已、树敌

14. 常酗酒与吸毒

15. 与别人有利益或其它冲突

二．防范攻击伤害的一般原则

1．与人为善，减少敌人

2．远离帮派与毒品

3．不要为小事与别人争执或起冲突

4．少惹事，少挑衅

5．不要仗势欺负人，已所不欲、勿施于人，以免别人报负

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Study: Too few American students ready to start college

BY ERIN CALANDRIELLO

ELGIN -- Education experts are saying that high schools in Illinois and across the nation need to better prepare their graduates for college, and that starts with the first year in school. "Too few students are graduating with college-ready skills," according to a study released last week by the Consortium on Chicago School Research at the University of Chicago.

In ECC District 509, placement rates for the school's incoming students indicate that only 47 percent are ready for college-level English, 29 percent for math and 50 percent for reading. ECC's not alone. About one-third of freshmen attending community colleges nationwide take at least one remedial course, according to Kris Owens, ECC spokesman.

The battle to keep students up-to-par starts in high school, said Elaine Allensworth, a researcher who spearheaded the study. Showing up for class and "acing" courses during high school are the keys to graduating from high school and surviving college, according to the study. "When it comes to graduating from high school, what matters the most is how they do during their freshman year of high school," said Allensworth.

The study showed that 93 percent of all Chicago Public Schools students with a B average or higher in their first year will graduate in four years. And high school course grades over all four years "predict college success better than test scores," according to Allensworth. The study showed that 75 percent of the Chicago students who had an "A" grade point average upon exiting high school graduated from a four-year college within six years. Their success in school was linked to not only strong academic skills but "effort and showing up for class," said Allensworth.

The study showed that attendance is the strongest predictor of course grades and is eight times more predictive of course failure than standardized test scores. But "the challenge is keeping kids coming to class, improving their course grades, raising their test scores, and getting them to graduate," said Allensworth.

Program has promise

Currently, there is no definitive method which guarantees triumphs over these battles, said Allensworth. But she said there is one program, Advancement Via Individual Determination, or AVID, which is "making a difference and looks very promising." That's mainly because it "develops students' critical thinking skills," which are necessary for college readiness, according to Allensworth.

Bringing together a mix of students from below average to above average, AVID requires students to take academically rigorous courses and an elective in which they receive tutoring, improve their self-image, develop critical thinking and organizational skills, and become leaders and role models for other students. A total of 39 Chicago schools adopted AVID, according to the study.

Elgin School District U46 "utilizes the program sparingly," said Tom Donausky, U46's secondary education director. Community Unit District 300 plans to implement AVID next school year throughout middle schools and high schools, according to Assistant Superintendent Tom Hay. The deep thinking mind frame is not only key to AVID's success but a key to ACT success, according to the University of Chicago study.

Many high school teachers prepare students for the ACT by covering broad subject areas and practicing test questions, said Allensworth. But that's the wrong approach because the ACT "doesn't test content, it tests their problem-solving skills," she said. The study showed that ACT English scores improved when teachers challenged students to analyze their reading assignments and pushed them to improve their writing by revamping a paper. It revealed that science scores improved among students who did a lot of lab work, lab reports and gathered data to support hypotheses. So instead, teachers "should stop teaching to a test and develop their students' deep thinking skills," Allensworth said.

http://www.suburbanchicagonews.com/couriernews/news/810279,3_1_EL24_A1COLLEGE_S1.article

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学者来稿：自卫防身系列之十三 - 防范帮派犯罪

陈工博士， SmarTough 自卫防身学创始人

陈大威，SmarTough 自卫防身学助理

了解帮派犯罪的特点

1. 基本情况

帮派活动在美国越来越普及，尽尽二十年的时间，美国的帮派人数就从十万人增加到六十万人。帮派现在在94%的美国大中城市有活动，并正在向小城市甚至小镇扩展。但洛杉矶一个市就有六百多个帮派，人数达七万五千人。

帮派活动对美国的社会安全正构成巨大的威胁，因为帮派与暴力犯罪从来都是共生。帮派对社会的威胁来自于他们所从事的凶杀、攻击伤害、抢劫、强奸、入室行窃、放火、街头打架斗欧、走私、毒品军火交易、敲诈勒索、及在学校欺负同学。

帮派分子从来无视法律，并且个个都是毫无同情之心的冷血动物和亡命之徒，作起案来心狠手毒，且常常以多攻少，因此很难对付。而且警察对帮派也是束手无策，因为人们往往害怕报复而不敢举报或上庭作证。

2. 帮派分子

帮派分子以男性居多，通常入行较早，约有50%的帮派分子在十五岁以下，年龄范围在10至45岁之间。帮派有松散组织的青少年帮，主要从事街头打架斗欧，欺负学校学生等活动。还有组织严密的地盘帮，主要从事争夺地盘、贩毒、欺行霸市、及敲诈勒索等活动。更有高度严密组织的黑社会，专门从事贩毒、贩军火、贩非法移民、及从事非法商业竞争与活动。这后两种的成员主要是成年人及二十多岁的人。人们成为帮派分子君出于各种原因，包括媒体和同伴的影响与压力、家庭传统、在家庭中得不到的归属感、既得利益、及寻求保护等等。

3. 受害者

帮派活动的受害者主要有两部分人。一是与帮派有瓜葛的人，包括帮派分子或对立帮派的成员、或家庭成员、及亲属中或好友中有帮派成员的人。二是一般平民，包括被帮派分子盯上而成为凶杀、抢劫、强奸受害者的人，及挡住帮派道的人、或替罪羊。

4. 美国主要帮派及活动

白人帮派主要从事与种族岐视有关的犯罪。黑人帮派主要从事强奸、街头打架斗欧，抢劫行窃及贩毒。墨西哥帮主要从事争夺地盘及走私移民活动。中国帮主要从事敲诈、抢劫、杀人、走私等犯罪活动。日本帮主要从事凶杀及贩毒。哥伦比亚帮主要贩毒走私。越南帮主要干抢劫、敲诈、卖淫、偷车。牙买加帮主要干毒品与武器走私、抢劫、杀人、挷架、偷车。俄国帮主要从事非法商品交易、勒索及挷架。在2002年3月，洛杉矶有6名富豪被俄国黑手党分子挷架杀害。摩托帮主要从事毒品制造与运输、组织卖淫、及谋杀。而青少年帮则主要抢劫、敲诈勒索学校学生、街头打架斗欧、及争夺地盘等等。

5. 中国的帮派

中国政府于2002年由于帮派黑社会犯罪活动的猖獗而实施了一次严打，所揭露出来的事实令人触目惊心。第一、中国帮派种类繁多且到处都有，从大城市到乡村，无处不有，且能量特别大，足能把一个地区搞得人人自危。第二、中国的帮派犯罪猖獗、无恶不作。他们杀人放火、走私贩毒、拐卖妇女、贩卖儿童、挷架勒索、欺行霸市、拦路抢劫、车匪路霸、入室行窃、掏包反诬、打架斗欧、及在公共场合欺侮民众。第三、他们以多打少，常常使警力少时都无法对付，而单个的受害者或自卫者根本无法与之匹敌。

6. 美国社会如何对付帮派

对付帮派没有万能之计，也不是一日之功，帮派的根源：贫穷、不公、缺乏良好教育、及破碎的家庭等社会因素不除，帮派活动就不可能根除，以下的一些措施也只能是减少帮派成员及其活动：

1) 宵禁

2) 禁止帮派标志的公开化

3) 建立小区防范组织

4) 警民协手

5) 让前帮派成员现身说法

6) 协助帮派分子改过自新

7) 建立预防帮派课程

8) 加强学校纪律

9) 提供青少年更多有益活动

10)学生都穿校服

防范帮派犯罪

一．危险行为的检查与消除

16. 自己或亲友身为帮派成员

17. 自己或亲友与帮派有生意关系或其它瓜葛

18. 自己或亲友与贩毒有关

19. 在帮派贩毒地域居住、工作、作生意、行走

20. 与帮派或毒品同伙发生生意上的竞争或有过节

21. 你的工作或位置挡了帮派毒品同伙的财路、或对他们产生威胁

22. 与帮派或贩毒同伙成员发生争执或冲突

23. 富有并被帮派视为抢劫或绑架的目标

二。防范帮派犯罪的一般原则

1．知彼在先。在选房、找工作、开公司、或选健身俱乐部时，先去警察局了解一下该地区的帮派情况以定取舍。

2．远离帮派。不加入、不与其打交道、不与其竞争、不路过帮派地盘。

3．不为小事争执。控制自己的脾气，少与人争执或发生冲突，不要欺负人，因为你不知道你的对手是不是帮派成员。

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UCLA Faculty Research on China: Professor Virginia C. Li

"Going to China is for testing methodologies, not just for projects"

Lauren McGaughy

Virginia Li, Professor in the Department of Community Health Sciences, is a perfect example of how entrance through the gates of academia need not be via the conventional route. For a person who must follow an unconventional path -- even a woman with a family, at a time when society tended to relegate women to the role of housewife -- the gates can still be swung wide open . . . if that person is determined. After having three children, Li returned to graduate school and received her masters and doctoral degrees from the University of North Carolina School of Public Health.

Having been born in Guangzhou and subsequently moving to the United States as a teen, in her professional and personal life Professor Li has always been deeply connected to both China and the United States. However, it was not until 1974 that she returned to the China for the first time since she and her family fled from the Communist Revolution in 1949. It was around that time that she began research into public health in China. In addition to her appointment at UCLA, she has also held professorships at the University of Maryland and the Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health. She also holds honorary professorships at Guangdong Medical College, Nanjing College Nanjing College for Population Program Management, and Kunming Medical College.

One of Professor Li’s most salient research projects is her "Women’s Reproductive Health and Development Program" in the province of Yunnan, China. Sponsored by the Ford Foundation, it began with two guidelines: (1) it must employ a bottom-up method of implementation, and (2) it must ensure horizontal linkages among various agencies. Professor Li had the luxury to develop the other guidelines as she saw fit. Early on, Professor Li realized that although she was very familiar with China as a whole, she was not especially well acquainted with Yunnan Province specifically. Therefore, she contacted a consultant in Yunnan to build up her local capacity so to speak. She chose a professor from Beijing Medical University who had trained barefoot doctors during the Cultural Revolution to assist her in choosing and developing sites that are both easily accessible and that already enjoyed a certain amount of infrastructure and leadership.

After choosing a Chinese collaborator, Professor Li and her research group continued on to developing effective research methodologies. They rejected a purely clinical approach because women’s reproductive health in poor areas is complex, depending not so much on the idiosyncratic situation of the individual, as on income, literacy, transportation, and the like. Professor Li knew that there needed to be strong leadership from the Health Department, Family Bureau, and Women’s Federation in the province. Because her research project was strong and convincing -- also, one suspects, because of her negotiating skills and determination -- she successfully garnered their active support. She chose Kunming Medical College as the primary outside agency with which to work on the project.

Implementation of the project was based heavily on "needs assessments." Four to five agencies were involved in the project. Professor Li did not wish to identify any one lead agency, but rather wanted the agencies to work as partners. To accomplish this, she formed leadership groups with the heads of the agencies acting as the group heads. These groups' main purpose was to engage women at the township and county level in the project. The first year was spent entirely in needs assessment. Professor Li and her collaborators engaged fourth-year medical students from Kunming Medical School as interviewers for a 8,500 household survey. Most of these medical students were from urban areas and had never even been to a rural area. Thus in more ways than one the work they did contributed to their education and to broadening their horizon. During the interview stages, two med students, one acting as the interviewer and the other as the medical consultant, lived in a peasant home for six months. Kunming Medical College eased the way for the students by allowing the interview period to be counted as a practicum for medical school. The students were divided into two groups: while one group interviewed the villagers, the other set up a temporary clinic.

Most importantly, Li and her colleagues developed a new methodology called photo-voice (www.photovoice.com). This involved giving an Instamatic camera to the village women to take photographs of scenes that they deemed significant and important to their home environment. Subsequently, they organized a forum and invited county leadership in to be given a presentation and to discuss the meaning of the pictures. This allowed the local women to express their views while the medical students learned something about the social sciences. The images that accompany this article were taken by local women.

The next part of the project involved teaching the township and county cadres how to write proposals -- such as requests for nurseries, scientific pig raising, etc. -- based on the needs. Forty projects, which included health literacy, biogas tanks, silage pits, and innovation in turnip seed spreading machines, were planned for the eight-year period from 1991 to 1999.

Although the research portion of the project is over, Professor Li continues to work with the people of Yunnan, the Kunming Medical College, and the Institute for Health Programming to further reproductive health in rural China. From 1999 to 2000, the World Health Organization developed its own global health monitor indicator, which Li knew upon reading was not feasible or practical for China. She therefore developed two methodologies to measure reproductive health indicators. One involved a small-group method called the "nominal group process" in which over fifty individuals who had taken part in the Women’s Reproductive Health program participated. The second was a Delphi Questionnaire administered to a Chinese panel and an international panel with rural experience in developing countries. These methodologies, which asked Chinese and international experts to choose a set of health indicators for rural China, helped Li and her colleagues developed eight new indicators for global health. The WHO has since then held two meetings on global reproductive health indicators, one of which Li attended in March of 2006. In these meetings, the WHO used Li's indicators as the focal point.

Professor Virginia Li has also been active in creating and promoting a reproductive health website for rural doctors and teachers in Yunnan. The content of the website was developed with the help of volunteers and students from the Yunnan Reproductive Health Association and Kunming Medical College. The website focuses on five content areas: reproductive health, family planning, HIV/AIDS prevention, gender rights, and women’s health.

The website was connected to an experimental program in three counties that Li and her collaborators designed. The first county received training in computer technology, and was given a computer, printer, and emergency battery. A mobile team visited the county every six weeks to assess problem solving. The second county received all of this, excluding the training in computer technology. The third county, deemed the control county, received the printer and computer only. Professor Li and her team performed before and after assessments of each of the counties, questioning village doctors, teachers, and cadres on the usage and success of the system. They also undertook a sampling of the villagers themselves to see if the benefits were truly being felt.

"Going to China is for testing methodologies, not just for projects," Professor Li stated. A broad communication-based approach can truly influence social change and reproductive health. This test sought an answer to the question "What is the minimal requirement needed to make an impact in a rural environment?" Li and her team found that the impact in the classroom was the most evident and that experimental county #1 also experienced the greatest benefit due to the mobile teams and computer training. The second county had success with its website, but to a lesser degree and the impact on the villagers was minimal.

At the end of the study, Professor Li and her team concluded that the training in computer technology was essential to making the website effective. Also, a planning workshop on information diffusion was essential in disseminating the information from the township level agency and schools to the village-level clinic doctors and schoolteachers. The website remains up and running and open for use. The Office of Science and Technology in Kunming wished to take over the project, but Professor Li decided to hand it over to her colleagues at the Kunming Medical College.

Professor Li already has her sights on a future research project in China involving tobacco crop substitution in Yunnan. China is a cigarette-smoking country where the tobacco tax is the number one revenue source for the state. The Ministry of Health has taken some measures to promote smoking prevention and control, but this only addresses the demand side. Professor Li feels that it is crucial for China to conduct research that addresses the supply side. The main question of concern is "What could be planted that incurs the same costs and reaps the same benefits for farmers and the government?" Li traveled to Yunnan in October 2007 and discussed with government officials her interested in this subject. Surprisingly, they were receptive, and although she knows it is a very sensitive issue, she now has the green light. In fact, as this article is being written, Professor Li is in China, and reports that the authorities have approved her project. The next step is finding funding. Professor Li feels that until the supply side is resolved, China will always be a nation of smokers.

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题醒：美国退休帳戶401(K)提前支用利弊

雖然401(K)或其他雇主贊助的退休帳戶是一種長期儲蓄，但許多計畫允許參加者在特殊情形下，提早提取金錢。不過根據稅法，如果借款或提取者年齡不到59歲半，可能有嚴重的投資和稅務後果。

問：是否有許多人從401(K)計畫中拿錢？

答：投資公司協會和雇員福利研究協會的研究指出，最近數年，有18%的401(K)計畫參加者從其帳戶中貸款，到2006年底，未付清的餘額平均是不到7300元。

問：這樣做好不好？

答：芝加哥美國利潤分享/401(K)協會主席雷伊說：「這應該是最後之計，401(K)計畫是長期儲蓄，提錢會中斷你的儲蓄和收益。」

問：如果全部提光，會受到什麼處罰？

答：全部提光是最壞的事情，因為投入這些帳戶的錢是稅前的錢，如果提取就變成需要繳稅；如果雇員不到59歲半，提出的錢也要付10%的罰款。所以如果一個雇員的聯邦所得稅率是25%，且又不到59歲半，那麼他將可能損失提取金額的35%，用來繳稅和罰款。

問：所以貸款的方式會比較好？

答：當然。雇員可從401(K)帳戶中貸款最多五萬元，或帳戶中餘額的一半，以金額較少的為主，通常雇員必須在五年內還清，利率接近銀行的利率。還款一般是從雇員的薪水支票中扣除，該雇員可繼續對401(K)計畫存錢，如果還款和存款太少，就會損失雇主的相對款和投資的收益。

而進一步不利之處是，如果雇員拖欠還款，或在離職前未還清貸款，未還清的餘額必須繳稅和付10%的罰款。

問：萬一有緊急需求呢？

答：一般來說，如果申請「困境提取」，雇主會先要求雇員做其帳戶內餘額50%的貸款；大多數公司對困境提取限於國稅局批准的項目，包括醫療支出、購買一棟主要住宅、避免房屋被法拍或被逐出房屋、暴風雨損壞修理、學費或喪葬費支出。雇員必須對提取的金額繳所得稅，大多數人也必須付10%的罰款。

進一步不利之處是，大多數401(K)計畫規定雇員在做困境提取後，至少六個月不得對401(K)帳戶存錢。

問：如果我很年輕，因貸款或緊急提取而蒙受損失，是否可在長時期後全部彌補回來？

答：投資公司協會退休與投資人研究資深主任莎拉‧赫頓說，研究發現，提早提取的人，傾向於在退休時儲蓄較少，低收入家庭尤其是如此。研究發現，從未對401(K)計畫做退休前提取的低收入雇員，其最後的退休儲蓄將比曾動用者多13%。

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親屬移民一律寄件芝加哥

聯邦公民及移民服務局(US-CIS)19日宣布，即日起為外籍親屬申請移民，須統一將新的I-130表格，寄往移民局芝加哥指定郵箱辦理。
USCIS說，過去的辦法是由申請人寄件至該局的服務中心辦理，但今起一律須寄往以下信箱。

移民局說，住在阿拉斯加、亞利桑納、加州、科羅拉多、關島、夏威夷、愛達荷、伊利諾、印第安納、愛阿華、堪薩斯、密西根、明尼蘇達、密蘇里、蒙大拿、內布拉斯加、內華達、北達科他、俄亥俄、俄勒岡、南達科他、猶他、華盛頓、威斯康辛、懷俄明州等地的申請人，須寄表至： USCIS, P.O. Box 804625, Chicago, IL 60680-1029

住在其他地區的申請人，須寄表至：USCIS, P.O. Box 804616, Chicago, IL 60680-1029。詳情可見USCIS網站www.uscis.gov

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移民指南歡迎團體索取

美國公民暨移民服務局(USCIS)近日表示，為協助新移民適應新環境，融入美國社會以及通過入籍測驗，移民局特別提供「移民指南集」（Toolkit），供服務移民的各界團體索取。
USCIS說全國四千餘家公共圖書館，已經備有這套「移民指南」。「移民指南」內容有包括影音多媒體的美國歷史、政府、公民常識教材，可於教室中播放教學。

USCIS歡迎民間團體、宗教團體、地方政府、學校各界索取。意者可上網免費索取: http://www.citizenshiptoolkit.gov.，索完為止。

如果索取免費的「移民指南」向隅，則可向聯邦政府印刷辦公室購買。聯絡方式為http://bookstore.gpo.gov，或電1-866-512-1800。

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香港校友會即日起開始接受加州優秀高中生申請2008年度的本地獎學金

香港校友會22日晚舉行新任理事就職餐會，並宣布即日起開始接受加州優秀高中生申請2008年度的本地獎學金。新任會長陳文健、副會長施靜虹與新年度的理事們介紹該會今年度的活動計畫。包括今年4月將以品酒餐會的形式，為該會的香港學生獎學金和本地高中生獎學金籌款；6月將在巴沙迪那舉行高爾夫球比賽，再度為獎學金籌款；8月9日在好萊塢碗舉辦家庭日同樂活動。

該會還打算在9月19日舉辦中秋晚會；10月份則舉行年度晚宴，將獲得香港學生獎學金和本地學生獎學金的學生，介紹給熱心的捐款者們認識；12月6日則是該會每年歡樂的聖誕餐舞會。

校友會在當晚聚會中還宣布開始接受本土獎學金的申請。本年度有兩個名額，獲獎者各獲獎學金兩千元。申請人須為美國公民或永久居民、高中成績達到3.5或以上、今年秋季入讀美國大學一年級，並在經濟上需要協助者。

申請表格及獎學金其它詳情，可致電香港校友會626-281-8179，向Mimi查詢。申請截止日期為今年5月2日，以郵戳為準

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加州教育機構發出通知鼓勵學生積極申請助學金
(2008 二月 20 22:10:47 PST Chinese Today 孫衛赤）

加州助學金委員會於2月20日發出通知，加州助學金（Cal Grants）的申請截止日期為3月2日，加州教育機構鼓勵符合條件的學生積極申請。加州助學金是為將要進入大學學習的高中生提供的，每年最高的額度可達9700元。這獲得加州助學金後，既可以用來支付大學的學費，也可以用來支付職業或技術學校的費用，無須償還。加州公共教育總監奧康乃爾（Jack O'Connell）表示，他們鼓勵符合條件的學生去申請這項助學金。

去年，加州有29.9萬名符合條件的學生，申請到了總額為8億元的加州助學金。有關申請加州助學金的詳情可上網www.calgrants.org查詢；或撥打加州助學金委員會（Student Aid Commission）的（888）224-7268的電話，電話説明申請者完成申請的時間為每週五的上午8點到晚8點。

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知情僱非法移民罰款增25%

雇主正準備應付旨在對付非法移民的新法規。國內安全部最近幾天可能提出新建議，以協助企業查證員工是否擁有合法身分，違規的企業將受到制裁。這是布希政府第二次試圖對付違反現行法律的雇主。去年5月宣布的法規還來不及生效，聯邦法庭就接受雇主和工會的意見，裁定這些條款不公平也行不通。如果一個企業有很多員工的社安號碼與政府紀錄不符，政府將主動與這個雇主聯絡。公司和員工必須設法解決這些出入，否則雇主必須把當事人開除。不過，原來的法規規定雇主和員工接到社安號碼不符的通知後，必須在90天內解決問題，新建議延長到180天。國安部宣布新建議後，將接受30天公開評論，然後擬定最後法規。

司法部長莫卡錫與國內安全部長契爾托夫22日宣布，從3月27日起，違反聯邦法知情僱用非法移民的雇主，其民事罰款將平均調高25%，每個非法移民罰款增幅最高達五千元。這是近10年來首次調高對雇主的罰款。新法規是自1999年通過移民與入籍法以來，首次調高對違規雇主的罰款，平均增幅是25%，例如對知情僱用非法移民雇主的最低罰款從275元增加為375 元；對初犯的最高罰款從2200元，增加為3200元；罰款增加最多的是對累犯，從1萬1000元增加為1萬6000元。罰款的總金額是根據僱用的非法移民人數，所以如果僱用五名非法移民，就需付五次罰款。

司法部與國內安全部同時宣布討論新的邊界安全改革，莫卡錫說：「儘管國會未通過廣泛移民改革法案，過去數年我們已採取許多措施來協助保護邊界的安全，不過需要做的事還有很多，處理與邊界安全有關的問題，是我的最優先事務。」負責調查僱用非法移民的移民與海關執法局(ICE)，去年加強執法，進行了12次大規模對雇主的突檢行動。該局說，僱用非法移民除了民事罰款外，有些雇主還被監禁至少六個月。在2006年10月1日和2007年9月30日之間，ICE對違反移民法規的雇主共課以三千萬元罰款，有92名雇主和771名雇員被捕，並對四千多名非法移民工人展開遣返程序。

CAFA-南加州華裔教授會年會 (3/1)

Wilbur K. Woo Greater China Business Conference (UCLA 2/29)

Friday, February 29, 2008 8:45 AM - 6:00 PM UCLA Anderson School of Management Los Angeles, CA 90095

厦门市2008年度高层次、高技能职位信息及交流大会(3/15)

Thursday, February 28, 2008 7:00 PM - 10:00 PM 2534 Melnitz Hall UCLA Los Angeles, CA 90095

Preliminary Screening Program

History

Documentary Ethics

Education

Women and Gender

For more information please contact

２００８. 广 东 省 高 级 人 才 洽 谈 会

无锡市人民政府引进领军型海外留学归国创业人才（“530” 计划）报名公告

Dr. YongGang Li’s Greeting Remarks at CSA Spring Gathering at U_West (Photo)

中国旅美科技协会 (CAST) 在犹他州盐湖城召开年会

DATA – American University/College Faculty Members （美国高等教育最新数据库资料）

Attitudes and Activities of Full-Time Faculty Members, 2005-6

Net Fourm教授论坛：上海房市的趋势 （孙 涤）

校长饶子和来美访问名校并成功揽才 七华人学者加盟南开大学

Scholars Net专家建议：DTV Transition and the Coupon Program

A $3 Billion 12” Wafer Fab of TSMC in Southern Taiwan Science Park (TSMC)

林毅夫: 2030年中国将超越欧美成为世界最大经济市场 能源问题不会遏制中国发展

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美國民眾儲蓄紀錄太差 近年來儲蓄所得的不到1%

Georgia to separate students by gender

中國月亮更圓, 洋人湧華定居

学者来稿：自卫防身系列之十一 - 防范抢劫

Attention: American New Study finds charter schools improve performance

学者来稿：自卫防身系列之十二 - 防范攻击伤害

学者来稿：自卫防身系列之十三 - 防范帮派犯罪

UCLA Faculty Research on China: Professor Virginia C. Li

親屬移民 一律寄件芝加哥

移民指南 歡迎團體索取

香港校友會即日起開始接受加州優秀高中生申請2008年度的本地獎學金

知情僱非法移民 罰款增25%

Friday, February 29, 2008
8:45 AM - 6:00 PM
UCLA Anderson School of Management
Los Angeles, CA 90095

Thursday, February 28, 2008
7:00 PM - 10:00 PM
2534 Melnitz Hall
UCLA
Los Angeles, CA 90095

２００８. 广东省高级人才洽谈会

Net Fourm教授论坛：上海房市的趋势（孙涤）

校长饶子和来美访问名校并成功揽才七华人学者加盟南开大学

林毅夫: 2030年中国将超越欧美成为世界最大经济市场能源问题不会遏制中国发展

美國民眾儲蓄紀錄太差近年來儲蓄所得的不到1%

親屬移民一律寄件芝加哥

移民指南歡迎團體索取

知情僱非法移民罰款增25%