美国参议院6日深夜一致通过一项《排华法案》道歉案,就1882年美国国会制定的这项歧视性法案向全体美国华人致歉,这项法案的通过被视为是华裔地位和政治崛起的结果,极具标志意义。
发起“排华法案”道歉案的第一人、美国华人全国委员会主席薛海培7日中午率先披露了这一消息。他表示,美国联邦政府就《排华法案》向华人道歉历史上还是第一次,其意义再怎么强调也不过分,这也是美国华裔具有历史纪念意义的一天。
推动此法案获得通过的加州民主党参议员黛安·法因斯坦7日发表声明指出,排华法案是美国历史上“可耻的一页”,这段历史绝对不能被忘却,我希望通过这一致歉案,让那些不了解美国历史上这段遗憾篇章的人清楚真相,彻底结束那段困难时期给华人移民家庭及后代带来的伤害。
“尽管(《排华法案》)带来种种困难,但华人移民仍然坚持下来,并继续为我们国家的发展和成功作出了宝贵的贡献。”法因斯坦在声明中说。
该法案的另一主要推动者、马萨诸塞州的斯科特·布朗也发表声明说:“这项决议不能抹去过去对中国移民的歧视造成的伤害,但重要的是,我们已认识到很多年前犯下的错误。……通过这项议案,参议院表达了我们国家对美国华裔的贡献的感激,并承认他们是美国社会不可或缺的一部分。”
薛海培表示,这项法案的通过,除了美国社会对民权的重视,同时也有一个重要的背景,那就是美国华裔群体实力的增强,如今总数已达400万的美国华裔无论是质还是量上都已崛起,同时这项法案能获通过,也是全体华裔共同努力争取的结果,表明华裔参与政治和公共事务的积极性已有进步。
熟悉国会运作的薛海培指出,华裔众议员赵美心等人将力争促使众议院在明年5月美国亚太裔传统月结束前通过此法案,美国众议院当年通过《排华法案》也是在5月份。众议院少数党领袖佩洛西日前已公开表态支持该议案,众议院多数党领袖坎特也对此案表示同情。
不过由于众议院议员众多,情况比参议院更复杂,因此薛海培也呼吁华裔积极发声,向所在州的国会议员呼吁他们支持通过《排华法案》道歉案。薛海培表示,参议院通过道歉案只完成了三分之一的工作,下一步除了推动众议院通过该法案外,他还会力争让美国总统奥巴马签发正式的声明或公告,正式向全体美国华人道歉。
“排华法案”是美国历史上唯一一个针对某一族裔的移民排斥法案。这项法令1882年获得通过,直到1943年12月17日才被废除,但至今美国联邦政府或国会从未就此表达过歉意。该法案不允许一般的华人进入美国,不允许哪怕在美国合法的华人加入美国籍,要求华人随时随地携带身份证明。
加州等地也出台了类似的歧视性的排华法案,禁止华人在美国在美国拥有房地产﹑不允许华人与白人通婚﹑禁止华人在政府就职﹑不允许华人同白人在法院对簿公堂等等。2009年加州议会和旧金山议会已先后通过决议案,就“排华法案”向华人道歉。
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美参院推迟人民币汇率议案表决 美国抗议活动不断扩大 奥巴马剑指共和党 央视争“星光大道”商标案一审败诉 美参院今日表决人民币汇率案 中国的“二战联盟”,该《排华法案》被废除。但是,针对它给中国移民带来的苦难伤痛,美国国会尚未正式出面承认或对此作出歉意。
两党5月26日的联合提案议员除了赵美心(Judy Chu,D-CA),还有跨党派跨院会的芝加哥众议员比格特(Jane Biggert,R-IL),加州民主党参议员范斯坦(Diane Feinstein, D-CA),麻州参议员布朗(Scott Brown, R-MA)、犹他州参议员海什(Orrin Hatch, R-UT)、华盛顿州民主党参议员默里(Patty Murray,)和马里兰州共和党参议员卡丁(Ben Cardin)等。
Senate apologizes for discrimination against Chinese immigrants
October 7, 2011 | 11:51 am
The U.S. Senate has approved a resolution apologizing for the nation's past discriminatory laws that targeted Chinese immigrants, such as the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.
The resolution passed Thursday night, by unanimous consent, "cannot undo the hurt caused by past discrimination against Chinese immigrants, but it is important that we acknowledge the wrongs that were committed many years ago," said Sen. Scott Brown(R-Mass.), the lead sponsor.
A similar resolution, sponsored by Rep. Judy Chu(D-El Monte), the first Chinese American woman elected to Congress, is pending in the House. It is backed by members of both parties.
For Chu, the effort to get Congress to acknowledge the discrimination is personal; her grandfather faced the hostile laws.
"He decided to make something of his life anyway. He opened up a small Chinese restaurant in Watts, and worked day and night and he was finally able to make ends meet," Chu said Friday. "The thousands of Chinese Americans around this country with similar family histories will celebrate the passage of the Senate resolution."
The Chinese Exclusion Act effectively halted Chinese immigration for a decade and denied U.S. citizenship to Chinese immigrants in the country. The law was repealed in 1943 after China became a U.S. ally in World War II.
But Chu said that Congress has never apologized for the injustice.
Brown took up the issue after hearing about how another Massachusetts senator, from the 19th Century, led the fight against the discriminatory laws, an aide said.
Congress has issued apologies before.
In 1988, President Reagan signed legislation providing $1.25 billion, or $20,000 each, in reparations and a formal apology for Japanese Americans interned during World War II. No reparations are offered in the measures apologizing for discrimination against Chinese immigrants.
In 2008, the House issued an apology to African Americans "on behalf of the people of the United States, for the wrongs committed against them and their ancestors who suffered under slavery and Jim Crow." The Senate passed a similar resolution a year later.
In California, the Legislature in 2009 passed a resolution apologizing for the state’s discrimination against Chinese immigrants.
Sen. Dianne Feinstein(D-Calif.), a cosponsor of the U.S. Senate resolution, said Friday she hopes the resolution will serve to "enlighten those who may not be aware of this regrettable chapter in our history and bring closure to the families whose loved ones live through this difficult time.''