美国《台湾旅行法》于2018年1月10日众议院通过,2月28日参议院通过,3月5日提交美国总统特朗普。原本特朗普即使不签署该法案,只要不动用否决权,该法案也将于美东时间16日自动生效。16日,特朗普主动签署,《台湾旅行法》成为美国正式法律,代表了特朗普对华政策更趋强硬的表态。
该法案要求美国政府应增进台美间各层级官员的互访,允许美方所有层级的官员访问台湾,允许台湾高阶官员在“受尊敬的条件”下来到美国,与包括美国国防部、国务院的高官会见,并鼓励台湾驻美经济文化代表在美展开业务。
按照美国的规定,美国法律的地位要远远高于美国政府对外签署的任何协议,即《台湾旅行法》的法律地位要远远高于中美三个联合公报。这是中美关系正常化四十年来美国第一次公开以官方的形式和从法律的层面上与台湾合作和交往,可以说是美台“断交”以来、继《与台湾关系法》后政治象征意义和实质意义最高的一项法案,将严重冲击中美关系的基础和台海和平的基础。
对中国而言,此事虽在情理之外,但仍在意料之中,其性质其实非常清楚,三点即可概括:
(一)这不会是最后一出。
1、最近国际上事多,着急的不是中国。
2、都说台湾问题是中美关系的底牌,现在掀开底牌的一角,说明办法不多了。
3、接下来肯定还有更多的幺蛾子出来。任何时候对激将之法都要始终保持清醒冷静。
(二)如何应对?战略定力,战略定力,战略定力。
1、重要的事情说三遍。该干嘛干嘛,自乱方寸意味着必进圈套。
2、彼消此长之势不可逆不可挡,最有希望的时期恰恰是最凶险的时期。
3、中国对美国战略,其核心就是一个字“熬”, 与其配套,就是策略上的拖字决,守得云开见月明。
(三)台湾未来如何?
1、历史终将证明,空心菜是神助攻。
2、民进党越“作”,统一得越快。
3、但不说明大陆可以冒进,理由见上述(二)。
美国《台湾旅行法》
(2018)中译本
译者:田飞龙,爱思想专栏学者,北京航空航天大学高研院/法学院副教授,一国两制法律研究中心执行主任。
本法案致力于鼓励美国与台湾在所有层级上的互访,以及其他相关之目标。
本法案由美国参议院和众议院通过。
第1条 简称
本法案可引述为《台湾旅行法》(Taiwan Travel Act, H.R.535)。
第2条 结论
国会确认如下结论:
(1)1979年制定之《台湾关系法》已持续生效37年,成为美台关系的基石,成为西太平洋洋地区和平与安全之锚。
(2)《台湾关系法》宣称西太平洋地区的和平与稳定事关美国的政治安全与经济利益,也是国际关切事项。
(3)美国将考虑除和平手段之外的任何措施,包括联合抵制或贸易禁运,以应对针对西太平洋地区和平、安全及美国严重关切的威胁。
(4)台湾已于1980年代末期成功完成民主转型,成为亚洲民主的灯塔(beacon),且台湾民主成就激励着该地区的诸多国家和人民。
(5)美国内阁成员及其他高级别官员对某个国家(country)的访问是美国与该国之联系深广度的检验指标。
(6)自《台湾关系法》实施以来,美台关系由于美国对高级别互访的自我限制而经历了很不充分的高层互动。
第3条 国会认知与政策声明
(a)国会认知:国会认识到美国政府应当鼓励美台在所有层级上的互访。
(b)政策声明:如下措施应成为美国的政策:
(1)允许美国政府所有层级的官员,包括内阁国家安全官员、普通官员及其他行政分支官员访问台湾并会见台湾同级别官员;
(2)允许台湾高级别官员进入美国,需显示对此类官员之尊严的适当尊重,允许其会见美国的对等官员,包括国务院、国防部及其他内阁机构官员;
(3)鼓励台北经济文化代表处及台湾在美设立的其他机构开展活动,包括由美国国会议员、联邦/州/地方政府各级官员及台湾任何高级别官员参加的各种活动。
美国众议院议长
美国副总统兼参议院议长
(联署)
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美国《台湾旅行法》原文
H.R.535
One Hundred Fifteenth Congress
of the
United States of America
AT THE SECOND SESSION
Begun and held at the City of Washington on Wednesday,
the third day of January, two thousand and eighteen
An Act
To encourage visits between the United States and Taiwan at all levels, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Taiwan Travel Act’’.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
Congress finds the following:
(1)The Taiwan Relations Act(22 U.S.C. 3301 et seq.), enacted in 1979, has continued for 37 years to be a cornerstone of relations between the United States and Taiwan and has served as an anchor for peace and security in the Western Pacific area.
(2)The Taiwan Relations Act declares that peace and stability in the Western Pacific area are in the political, security, and economic interests of the United States and are matters of international concern.
(3)The United States considers any effort to determine the future of Taiwan by other than peaceful means, including by boycotts or embargoes, a threat to the peace and security of the Western Pacific area and of grave concern to the United States.
(4)Taiwan has succeeded in a momentous transition to democracy beginning in the late 1980s and has been a beacon of democracy in Asia, and Taiwan’s democratic achievements inspire many countries and people in the region.
(5)Visits to a country by United States Cabinet members and other high-ranking officials are an indicator of the breadth and depth of ties between the United States and such country.
(6)Since the enactment of the Taiwan Relations Act, relations between the United States and Taiwan have suffered from insufficient high-level communication due to the self- imposed restrictions that the United States maintains on high- level visits with Taiwan.
SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS; STATEMENT OF POLICY.
(a)SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that the United States Government should encourage visits between officials from the United States and Taiwan at all levels.
(b)STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It should be the policy of the United States to—
(1)allow officials at all levels of the United States Government, including Cabinet-level national security officials, general officers, and other executive branch officials, to travel to Taiwan to meet their Taiwanese counterparts;
(2)allow high-level officials of Taiwan to enter the United States, under conditions which demonstrate appropriate respect for the dignity of such officials, and to meet with officials of the United States, including officials from the Department of State and the Department of Defense and other Cabinet agencies; and
(3)encourage the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office, and any other instrumentality established by Taiwan, to conduct business in the United States, including activities which involve participation by Members of Congress, officials of Federal, State, or local governments of the United States, or any high-level official of Taiwan.
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Vice President of the United States and President of the Senate.