China, Japan heading towards war, says US Defence Secretary Leon Panetta
From:AFP September 17, 2012 7:56AM
US defence secretary Leon Panetta steps off his jet after arriving at Yokota Air Base on the outskirts of Tokyo, Japan.Source:AP
CHINA and other Asian countries could end up at war over territorial disputes if governments keep up their "provocative behaviour", US Defence Secretary Leon Panetta has said.
Speaking to reporters before arriving in Tokyo on a trip to Asia, Mr Panetta appealed for restraint amid mounting tensions over territorial rights in the East China Sea and the South China Sea.
"I am concerned that when these countries engage in provocations of one kind or another over these various islands, that it raises the possibility that a misjudgment on one side or the other could result in violence, and could result in conflict," Mr Panetta said, when asked about a clash between Japan and China.
"And that conflict would then have the potential of expanding."
The Pentagon chief's trip coincides with an escalating row between Asia's two largest economies over an archipelago in the East China Sea administered by Tokyo under the name Senkaku and claimed by China under the name Diaoyu.
Tensions have steadily mounted since pro-Beijing activists were arrested and deported after landing on one of the islands in August. Japanese nationalists then followed, raising their flag on the same island days later.
On Tuesday, Japan announced it had nationalised three of the islands in the chain, triggering protests in China. Tokyo already owns another and leases the fifth.
The uninhabited islands are in important sea lanes and the seabed nearby is thought to harbour valuable mineral resources.
Sometimes violent demonstrations have been held in China near diplomatic missions in the days since Tokyo's announcement, although there have been no reports of deaths or serious injuries.
Hong Kong broadcaster Cable TV showed footage of clashes on Sunday in Shenzhen between riot police and demonstrators, with some holding a banner calling for a "bloodbath" in Tokyo.
Mr Panetta is due to hold talks on Monday with his Japanese counterpart, where the dispute is expected to top the agenda, before heading to China, then New Zealand.
Territorial disputes in the South China Sea also have Washington worried, as China has refused to withdraw claims to virtually all of the strategic waterway and has been accused of bullying smaller states in the area.
解放军的战力远逊于美军 在钓鱼岛问题上只能斗而不破 (余柏全)
官方的《环球时报》近日刊文说︰「中日若开战将是中国洗刷一个世纪耻辱的战争」、「中日将在钓鱼岛真正做一次『狭路相逢』的局部冲突」。本港舆论亦有提出要武力保钓。但是中日开战,中国必须打赢,如果中国战败,还谈何「洗刷耻辱」。
目前强烈主战的中国军方「鹰派」和部分民众认为中国能战胜日本,都是建立在美国不敢参战的基础上。因为虽然日本海军实力略优于中国。但中国空军优势很大,中国空军有全套空射巡航导弹、精确制导炸弹,日本在这方面现在还是空白。更关键是中国第二炮兵部队的中程弹道导弹和陆基巡航导弹可以打击日本的海空军基地,这方面日本也是空白。由于东海不阔,空军作用很大。因而中日爆发战争而美国不参战,中国应可操胜算。
中日若开战 美国或军事介入
日本整体军力落后的原因主要是被美国限制。二战后,美国接管了战败的日本,日本在美国主导下制定了《日本国宪法》,该宪法第九条规定︰日本国民永远放弃以国权发动的战争、武力威胁或武力行使作为解决国际争端的手段。日本不保持陆海空军及其他战争力量。虽然后来日本把这条宪法条文解释为可以拥有防衞力量。从而打着「防衞」的幌子,逐步有限度地发展军力。但是中远程导弹、核武器等进攻型武器,日本仍旧不能研发。
虽然美国对日本发展进攻型武器的动向一直保持警惕,如果中国以武力夺取日本实际控制的钓鱼岛,日本就可以声称自己受到攻击,要求美国按《美日安保条约》出兵支持。日本是美国在亚洲的重要盟友,特别是美国既然限制了日本发展军力,就要对日本负责,否则日本再无理由听从美国安排,日本必然大肆发展军备,一年之内就能造出核武器,这是美国所不愿意见到的。
此外,再加上美国一直有强烈遏制中国战略意图,基于这些原因,美政府高官近来多次表态钓鱼岛适用于《美日安保条约》,同时美日联合军演夺岛战争,因而如果中国攻打钓鱼岛,美国将会出兵帮助日本。
布雷封锁港口 中国不战而败
如果美日联手和中国海空军爆发钓鱼岛局部战争,无论在军事装备技术上还是规模上,以及军人的实战经验和能力等各方面,中国均处于全面绝对劣势,难以抗衡美国的海空军。
若战争规模扩大至东海和南海,由于地缘上中国处于美国的C形包围中,而中国常规海空军居于劣势,同时中国基本没有既靠得住又帮到手的盟友,因而一旦中国与美日爆发大规模的海上常规战争,中国战败的可能性极大。而且,实际上美国并不需要发动战争,只要布雷封锁中国港口,迫使中国海运暂时停顿,拖上3个月,石油无法进口,中国经济便陷于瘫痪,不战而败。
多年来中国一直流传「核战无胜利者」的论点。使国内有学者和网民以为中国拥有核武器和核武投射能力,便可用核武器遏制住美日。但是,他们没有看到中美核武器实力强弱悬殊的现实情况。
去年12月美国科学家联盟的文章称,「估计中国约有240枚核弹头,能够进行核武器投递的手段包括180枚导弹和一些飞机;其中约有140枚陆基洲际导弹,能够打到美国本土的则少于50枚。」
核武运载技术 美国远胜中国
美国国防部2010年5月公布的资料显示,美国的核弹头储量为5,113枚。另据美国科学家联盟估计,美国退役或待毁核弹头数量还有4,600枚。导弹技术和规模美国亦有巨大优势。因此,事实上,中美在核武器和运载导弹技术和规模上差距很大。
一旦中美爆发核战,基于美国相对中国的地缘优势以及核武器和运载导弹规模上的优势,美国太平洋舰队的海基导弹以及日本南韩的陆基导弹可以准确地打击中国沿海地区和中部地区的城市和军事基地,给中国大陆以毁灭性的打击。而中国还击美国的运载核武器的洲际导弹数量有限,加上美国的导弹防御系统完善,即使美国西海岸一些城市和军事基地会受到中国导弹打击。其损坏程度要比中国轻得多。因此,中国没有条件打核战。
虽然在钓鱼岛局势上中国要作好军事准备,但只能斗而不破,切不可误判美国不敢参战,因为如果中美爆发大规模的常规战争,中国30多年来的建设将毁于一旦。